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SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 271 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SMITH, See also:WILLIAM See also:FARRAR (1824—1903) , See also:American See also:general, was See also:born at St Albans, See also:Vermont, on the 17th of See also:February 1824, and graduated from See also:West Point in '845, being assigned to the engineer See also:branch of the See also:army. He was twice assistant See also:professor of See also:mathematics at West Point (1846—1848 and 1855—1856). During the first See also:campaign of the See also:Civil See also:War he was employed on the See also:staff, in See also:August 1861 became brigadier-general of See also:volunteers, and was breveted See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel U.S.A. for his gallantry at the See also:action of See also:White See also:Oak Swamp. In See also:July '862 he received promotion to the See also:rank of See also:major-general U.S.V. Smith led his See also:division with conspicuous valour at See also:Antietam, and was again breveted in the See also:regular army. On the See also:assignment of General See also:Franklin to a See also:superior command Smith was placed at the See also:bead of the VI. See also:corps of the Army of the See also:Potomac, which he led at the disastrous See also:battle of Fredericksburg (q.v.). The recriminations which followed led to the famous general See also:order in which several of the See also:senior See also:officers of the army were dismissed and suspended by General See also:Burnside. Smith was one of these, but it is to his See also:credit that he did not leave the army, and as a brigadier-general he commanded troops in See also:Pennsylvania during the See also:critical days of the See also:Gettysburg campaign. Later in '863 he was assigned to See also:duty as See also:chief engineer of the Army of the See also:Cumberland. As such he conducted the engineer operations which reopened the " See also:cracker-See also:line " from See also:Chattanooga (q.v.) to the See also:base of supplies. Of this action the See also:House See also:Committee on military affairs reported in 1865 that " as a subordinate, General W. F.

Smith had saved the Army of the Cumberland from See also:

capture, and afterwards directed it to victory." Smith was now again nominated for the rank of major-general U.S.V., and See also:Grant, who was much impressed with Smith's See also:work, insisted strongly that the nomination should be confirmed, which was accordingly done by the See also:Senate in See also:March '864. Grant, according to his own statement, " was not See also:long in finding out that the objections to Smith's promotion were well grounded," but he never stated the grounds of his complaint, and Smith, in the " Battles and Leaders" See also:series, maintained that they were purely of a See also:personal See also:character. Forthe Virginian campaign of '864 Smith was specially assigned by Grant to command the XVIII. corps, Army of the See also:James, and he took See also:part in the battle of See also:Cold Harbor and the first operations against See also:Petersburg, after which, while absent on leave, he was suddenly deprived of his command by Grant. He resigned from the volunteers in 1865, and from the U.S. army in '867. From '864 to 1873 he was See also:president of the See also:International See also:Telegraph See also:Company, and in '875—1881 served on the See also:board of See also:police commissioners of New See also:York, becoming president of this in 1877. After 1881 he was engaged in civil See also:engineering work. He died at See also:Philadelphia on the 28th of February 1903.

End of Article: SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)

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