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See also:YORK (See also:HOUSE OF) , a royal See also:line in See also:England, founded by See also:Richard, See also:duke of York (q.v.), who claimed the See also:crown in opposition to See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VI. It may be said that his claim, at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time it was advanced, was rightly barred by See also:prescription, the house of See also:Lancaster having then occupied the See also:throne for three generations, and that it was really owing to the misgovernment of See also:Margaret of See also:Anjou, and her favourites that it was advanced at all. Yet it was founded upon strict principles of lineal descent. For the duke was descended from Lionel, duke of See also:Clarence, the third son of See also:Edward III., while the house of Lancaster came of See also:John of Gaunt, a younger See also:brother of Lionel. One thing which might possibly have been considered an See also:element of weakness in his claim was that it was derived (see the Table) through See also:females—an objection actually brought against it by See also:Chief-See also:Justice See also:Fortescue. But a See also:succession through females could not reasonably have been objected to after Edward III.'s claim to the crown of See also:France; and, apart from strict legality, the duke's claim was probably supported in the popular estimation by thefact that he was descended from Edward III. through his See also:father no less than through his See also:mother. For his father, Richard, See also:earl of See also:Cambridge, was the son of See also:Edmund, duke of York, fifth son of Edward III.; and he himself was the See also:direct lineal See also:heir of this Edmund, just as much as he was of Lionel, duke of Clarence. His claim was also favoured by the See also:accumulation of hereditary titles and estates. The earldom of See also:Ulster, the old See also:inheritance of the De Burghs, had descended to him from Lionel, duke of Clarence; the earldom of See also:March came from the Mortimers, and the dukedom of York and the earldom of Cambridge from his paternal ancestry. Moreover, his own See also:marriage with Cecily See also:Neville; though she was but the youngest daughter of See also:Ralph, 1st earl of See also:Westmorland, allied him to a powerful See also:family in the See also:north of England, to whose support both he and his son were greatly indebted.
The reasons why the claims of the line of Clarence had been so See also:long forborne are not difficult to explain. See also:Roger See also:Mortimer, 4th earl of March, was designated by Richard II. as his successor; but he died the See also:year before Richard was dethroned, and his son Edmund, the 5th earl, was a See also:child at Henry IV.'s usurpation. Henry took care to secure his See also:person; but the claims of the family troubled the whole of his own and the beginning of his son's reign. It was an See also:uncle of this Edmund who took See also:part with See also:Owen See also:Glendower and the Percies; and for advocating the cause of Edmund See also:Archbishop See also:Scrope was put to See also:death. And it was to put the crown on Edmund's See also:head that his brother-in-See also:law Richard, earl of Cambridge, conspired against Henry V. soon after his See also:accession. The See also:plot was detected, being revealed, it is said, by the earl of March himself, who does not appear to have given it any encouragement; the earl of Cambridge was beheaded. The popularity gained by Henry V. in his See also:French See also:campaigns secured the weak See also:title of the house of Lancaster against further attack for See also:forty years.
Richard, duke of York, seems to have taken warning by his father's See also:fate; but, after seeking for many years to correct by other means the weakness of Henry VI.'s See also:government, he first took up arms against the See also:ill advisers who were his own See also:personal enemies, and at length claimed the crown in See also:parliament as his right. The Lords, or such of them as did not purposely stay away from the House, admitted that his claim was unimpeachable, but suggested as a See also:compromise that Henry should retain the crown for See also:life, and the duke and his heirs succeed after his death. This was accepted by the duke, and an See also:act to that effect received Henry's own assent. But the act was repudiated by Margaret of Anjou and her followers, and the duke was slain at See also:Wakefield fighting against them. In little more than two months, however, his son was proclaimed See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king at See also:London by the title of Edward IV., and the bloody victory of See also:Towton immediately after drove* his enemies into See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile and paved the way for his See also:coronation. After his recovery of the throne in 1471 he had little more to fear from the rivalry of the house of Lancaster. But the seeds of distrust had already been sown among the members of his own family, and in 1478 his brother Clarence was put to death—secretly, indeed, within the See also:Tower, but still by his authority and that of parliament—as a traitor. In 1483 Edward himself died; and his eldest son, Edward V., after a nominal reign of two months and a See also:half, was put aside by his uncle, the duke of See also:Gloucester, who became Richard III., and then caused him and his brother Richard, duke of York, to be murdered. But in little more than two years Richard was slain at See also:Bosworth by the earl of See also:Richmond, who, being proclaimed king as Henry VII., shortly afterwards fulfilled his See also:pledge to marry the eldest daughter of Edward IV. and so unite the houses of York and Lancaster.
Here the dynastic See also:history of the house of York ends, for its claims were henceforth merged in those of the house of Tudor. But, although the See also:union of the See also:Roses ought to have extinguished controversy, a See also:host of debatable questions and plausible pre-texts for See also:rebellion remained. The See also:legitimacy of Edward IV.'s See also:children had been denied by Richard III. and his parliament, and, though the act was denounced as scandalous, the See also:slander might still be reasserted.
End of Article: YORK (HOUSE OF)
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