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See also:MARCH, EARLS OF , See also:title derived from the " See also:marches " or boundaries (1) between See also:England and See also:Wales, and (2) England and See also:Scotland, and held severally by See also:great feudal families possessed of lands in those border districts. The earls of March on the Welsh See also:borders were descended from See also:Roger de Mortemer (so called from his See also:castle of Mortemer in See also:Normandy), who was connected by See also:marriage with the See also:dukes of Normandy. His son See also:Ralph (d. c. 1104) figures in Domesday as the holder of vast estates in See also:Shropshire, See also:Herefordshire and•other parts of England, especially in the See also:west; and his See also:grandson See also:Hugh de See also:Mortimer, founder of the priory of Wigmore in Herefordshire, was one of the most powerful of the barons reduced to submission by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II., who compelled him to surrender his castles of Cleobury and Wigmore. The Mortimers, however, continued to exercise almost undisputed sway, as lords of Wigmore, over the western
counties and the Welsh marches.
I. Welsh Marches.—ROGER DE MORTIMER (C. I286—1330), 8th
See also:baron of Wigmore and 1st See also:earl of March, being an See also:infant at the
See also:death of his See also:father, See also:Edmund, was placed by See also:Edward I. under the
guardianship of Piers See also:Gaveston, and was knighted by Edward in
1306; Mortimer's See also:mother being a relative of Edward's See also:consort,
Eleanor of See also:Castile. Through his marriage with See also:Joan de Join-
ville, or Genevill, Roger not only acquired increased possessions
on the Welsh marches, including the important castle of See also:Ludlow,
which became the See also:chief stronghold of the Mortimers, but also
extensive estates and See also:influence in See also:Ireland, whither he went in
1308 to enforce his authority. This brought him into conflict
with the De Lacys, who turned for support to Edward See also:Bruce,
See also:brother of See also:Robert Bruce, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Scotland. Mortimer was
appointed See also:lord-See also:lieutenant of Ireland by Edward II. in 1316,
' The authorship of this speech has been disputed.
and at the See also:head of a large See also:army drove Bruce to See also:Carrickfergus, and the De Lacys into See also:Connaught, wreaking vengeance on their adherents whenever they were to be found. He was then occupied for some years with baronial disputes on the Welsh border until about 1318, when he began to See also:interest himself in the growing opposition to Edward II. and his favourites, the Despensers; and he supported See also:Humphrey de See also:Bohun, earl of See also:Hereford, in refusing to obey the king's See also:summons to appear before him in 1321. Forced to surrender to the king at See also:Shrewsbury in See also:January 1322, Mortimer was consigned to the See also:Tower of See also:London, whence he escaped to See also:France in See also:August 1324. In the following See also:year See also:Isabella, wife of Edward II., anxious to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from her See also:husband, obtained his consent to her going to France to use her influence with her brother, See also:Charles IV., in favour of See also:peace. At the See also:French See also:court the See also:queen found Roger Mortimer; she became his See also:mistress soon afterwards, and at his instigation refused to return to England so See also:long as the Despensers retained See also:power as the king's favourites. The See also:scandal of Isabella's relations with Mortimer compelled them both to withdraw from the French court to See also:Flanders, where they obtained assistance for an invasion of England. Landing in England in See also:September 1326, they were joined by Henry, earl of See also:Lancaster; London See also:rose in support of the queen; and Edward took See also:flight to the west, whither he was pursued by Mortimer and Isabella. After wandering helplessly for some See also:weeks in Wales, the king was taken on the 16th of See also:November, and was compelled to abdicate in favour of his son. But though the latter was crowned as Edward III. in January 1327, the See also:country was ruled by Mortimer and Isabella, who See also:pro-cured the See also:murder of Edward II. in the following September. See also:Rich estates and offices of profit and power were now heaped on Mortimer, and in September 1328 he was created earl of March. Greedy and grasping, he was no more competent than the Despensers to conduct the See also:government of the country. The See also:jealousy and anger of Lancaster having been excited by March's arrogance, Lancaster prevailed upon the See also:young king; Edward III., to throw off the yoke of his mother's paramour. At a See also:parliament held at See also:Nottingham in See also:October 1330 a See also:plot was successfully carried out by which March was arrested in the castle, and, in spite of Isabella's entreaty to her son to " have pity on the See also:gentle Mortimer," was conveyed to the Tower. Accused of assuming royal power and of various other high misdemeanours, he was condemned without trial and hanged at See also:Tyburn on the 29th of November 1330, his vast estates being forfeited to the See also:crown. March's wife, by whom he had four sons and eleven daughters, survived till 1356. The daughters all married into powerful families, chiefly of Marcher houses. His eldest son, Edmund, was father of Roger Mortimer (c. 1328-1360), who was knighted by Edward III. in 1346, and restored to his grandfather's title as 2nd earl of March.
End of Article: MARCH, EARLS OF
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