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SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 1022 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SHROPSHIRE (SALOP) , a western See also:county of See also:England on the Welsh border, bounded N. by See also:Cheshire and a detached portion .of See also:Flint, E. by See also:Staffordshire, S.E. by See also:Worcestershire, S. by See also:Herefordshire, S.W. by See also:Radnorshire, W. by See also:Montgomeryshire and N.W. by Denbighshire. The See also:area is 1343 sq. m. The name of Salop, in See also:common use, comes from an See also:early name of the county See also:town of See also:Shrewsbury. Towards the See also:west Shropshire partakes of the hilly scenery of See also:Wales, from which several ranges are continued into it. See also:South of the See also:river See also:Severn and partly in Montgomeryshire, the Breidden Hills rise abruptly in three peaks; and in the south-west there is a broad range of rough rounded hills known as Clun See also:Forest, extending from See also:Radnor-See also:shire. South and west of the Severn there are four other See also:principal chains of hills extending from S.W. to N.E.—the See also:Long Mynd (1674 ft.), west of See also:Church Stretton; the Carodoc Hills, a little to the See also:north, which are continued across the Severn and terminate in the isolated sugarloaf See also:hill of the Wrekin (1335 ft.); See also:Wenlock Edge, See also:east of Church Stretton, a See also:sharp See also:ridge extending for 20 m., and at some points rising above r000 ft.; and the Clee Hills near the south-eastern border (See also:Brown Clee, 1805 ft.; Titter-See also:stone Clee, 1749 ft.). The See also:remainder of the county is for the most See also:part pleasantly undulating and well cultivated. It lies almost entirely in the See also:basin of the Severn, which enters from Montgomeryshire and flows eastward to Shrewsbury, after which it turns south-eastward to Ironbridge, and then continues in a more southerly direction past See also:Bridgnorth, entering See also:Worcester near See also:Bewdley. The scenery on its See also:banks is striking at some places, as near the finely situated town of Bridgnorth, but it is spoilt in one of the most beautiful stretches, that near See also:Coalbrookdale, by the See also:great factories in the neighbourhood. Its principal tributaries within Shropshire are: from the right the Rea, the Cound and the Borle; from the See also:left the See also:Vyrnwy, a well-known See also:trout-stream forming part of the boundary with Montgomeryshire, the See also:Perry, the See also:Tern, which receives the Roden, and the Worf. The See also:Dee and its tributary the Ceiriog See also:touch the north-western boundary of the county with See also:Denbigh-shire. In the south the Teme, which receives the Clun, the Onny and the Corve, flows near the See also:borders of Herefordshire, which it occasionally touches and intersects.

See also:

Salmon are taken in the Severn, and the Teme with its tributaries are frequented for trout and See also:grayling fishing. There is a cluster of picturesque See also:meres or small lakes in the north-west near the borders of Denbighshire, of which the largest is See also:Ellesmere, and there are a number of others in various parts of the county. See also:Geology.—The Pre-See also:Cambrian rocks of Shropshire include the granitoid and gneissic rocks of the Ercall and See also:Primrose Hill (Wrekin), the See also:schists of Rushton, the lavas and ashes of the Wrekin, Caer Caradoc and Pontesford, and the See also:purple slates, grits and conglomerates of the Longmynd. The Wrekin See also:Quartzite, Comley See also:Sandstone and Shineton Shales are the See also:local representatives of the Cambrian See also:system. These are followed by the Ordovician formations which occupy three areas: the Breidden Hills, the Shelve See also:district and the Caer Caradoc district, and include strata referable to the Arenig, Llandeilo and See also:Bala See also:series; the rocks are fossiliferous shales, grits and volcanic ashes, with See also:dolerite intrusions. The See also:Silurian rocks which follow unconformably are represented in the Long See also:Mountain and Clun Forest regions by sandstones and shales, and along Wenlock Edge by highly fossiliferous mudstones and See also:lime-stones; they include the See also:Llandovery, Wenlock and See also:Ludlow series, and the limestones are famed for their See also:rich marine See also:fauna. The Old Red Sandstone, a great series of red marls, sandstones and thin impure limestones (cornstones), conformably succeeds the Silurian rocks, and occupies the south-eastern area (whence it extends into Herefordshire) ; it also makes extensive out-tiers at Clun and Bettws-y-Crwyn; the rocks have yielded See also:fish and See also:crustacea. The highest beds are conglomeratic and are seen only See also:round the Titter-stone Clee Hill. The Carboniferous See also:Limestone and Millstone Grit of the Denbighshire coalfield enter the county near See also:Oswestry; they appear also at Lilleshall and Coalbrookdale on the western border of the Coalbrookdale coalfield, and underlie the little coalfield of the Titterstone Clee Hill. The See also:Coal See also:Measures with their coal-seams and bands of ironstone are See also:present at Oswestry (extending south from Denbighshire) and See also:form also the coalfields of Shrewsbury, Leebotwood, Coalbrookdale, Wyre Forest and the Clee Hills. In the last two districts See also:basalt (dhustone) has been intruded into the Measures, and at Clee Hill is extensively quarried for roadstone and paving-cubes. The so-called See also:Permian rocks (red sandstones and marls) are now grouped with the Coal Measures.

The succeeding Triassic rocks—red sandstones, marls and conglomerates (See also:

Bunter and See also:Keuper)—occupy the north-eastern part of the county, and are capped near See also:Market See also:Drayton by See also:Rhaetic and See also:Lias. Glacial deposits —See also:boulder-See also:clay, See also:gravel and See also:sand, often See also:shell-bearing—overspread much of the Triassic See also:plain in the north and east of the county; they were laid down by See also:ice-sheets which moved in from the Irish See also:Sea and from the See also:Aran and Arenig mountains in See also:Merioneth. Some See also:peat-bogs in the See also:drift-covered regions appear to occupy the sites of lakes. Coal and ironstone, See also:silver-See also:lead and See also:zinc from the Ordovician rocks of Shelve, with limestone, See also:building-stone and roadstone, are the See also:chief See also:mineral products. See also:Industries.—More than four-fifths of the See also:total area is under cultivation. The principal See also:grain crops are See also:barley and oats, the acreage under each of which is nearly See also:double that under See also:wheat. Some five-eighths of the total acreage cultivated is in permanent pasture, and there are besides considerable tracts of hill pasture. Turnips and swedes form the bulk of the See also:green crops, as See also:cattle are largely kept for the See also:dairy. The cattle are chiefly Herefords and the See also:sheep Shropshires. Cheshire See also:cheese is made in the See also:northern districts. A small acreage is under hops. Apart from See also:agriculture there are several important branches of See also:industry.

Coalbrookdale and the neighbourhood is the principal coal-See also:

mining centre, and was an early See also:home of the ironfounding See also:trade, under the famous See also:family of Darby, and this industry is prosecuted here and at Ironbridge, See also:Shifnal and elsewhere. There are also considerable manufactures of machinery, tools and agricultural implements, as at Ludlow, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and See also:Wellington. There are great encaustic See also:tile and See also:brick See also:works in the See also:Broseley district, where also is an old-established manufacture of See also:tobacco-pipes; while at Coalport there are See also:china works. Some woollen goods are made. In the Minsterley and Stiperstones district in the west, lead and See also:barytes are obtained. Communications.—The See also:railways, for which Shrewsbury is the most important centre, belong mainly to the Great Western and See also:London & North-Western companies. Of the first the See also:main route to the north-west runs from See also:Wolverhampton by Wellington, Shrewsbury and Gobowen to See also:Chester, with a See also:branch from Wellington to See also:Crewe. Another See also:line comes from Worcester and Bewdley, following the Severn valley by Bridgnorth and Ironbridge to Shrewsbury, with several branches through the Coalbrookdale and Wenlock districts. The two companies jointly See also:work the line from See also:Stafford by See also:Newport, Wellington and Shrewsbury to See also:Welshpool, and the Crewe-See also:Hereford line by See also:Whitchurch, Shrewsbury and See also:Craven Arms. Frcm Craven Arms a branch of the North-Western system runs into South Wales and the See also:short Bishops See also:Castle railway serves that town. The Cambrian line starts from Whitchurch and runs by Oswestry into Wales. The chief canals are the Shropshire See also:Union, Shrewsbury and Ellesmere in the northern part of the county.

The Severn is to some extent used for See also:

navigation up to Shrewsbury. See also:Population and See also:Administration.—The area of the See also:ancient county is 859,516 acres, with a population in 1891 of 236,339, and in 1901 of 239,324. The area of the administrative county is 861,802 acres. The county contains 14 hundreds. The municipal boroughs are—Bishops Castle (pop. 1378), Bridgnorth (6052), Ludlow (4552), Oswestry (9579), Shrewsbury (28,395), Wenlock (15,866). The See also:urban districts are Church Stretton (816), Dawley (7522), Ellesmere (1954), Newport (3241), Oaken-See also:gates (10,906), a mining town, Wellington (6283), See also:Wem (2149), Whitchurch (5221). The more important towns not mentioned above are Broseley, Coalbrookdale, See also:Madeley(this See also:parish including Ironbridge and Coalport) andMuch Wenlock, which are embraced wholly or in part by the See also:borough of Wenlock; Market Drayton (5167) and Shifnal (3321). Lesser towns are Clun (1915) which gives name to Clun Forest, and Cleobury See also:Mortimer (181o) in the south. The county is in the See also:Oxford See also:circuit, and assizes are held at Shrewsbury. It has one See also:court of See also:quarter sessions, and is divided into 18 See also:petty sessional divisions. The boroughs of Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and Wenlock have See also:separate commissions of the See also:peace and courts of quarter sessions.

There are 267 See also:

civil parishes. Shrewsbury is divided between the dioceses of See also:Lichfield and Hereford, with a small part in the See also:diocese of St See also:Asaph, and contains 284 ecclesiastical parishes or districts, wholly or in part. There are four See also:parliamentary divisions—See also:Mid or Wellington, North or Newport, South or Ludlow, and West or Oswestry, each returning one member, while Shrewsbury returns one member. See also:History.—The district which is now Shropshire was annexed to the See also:kingdom of See also:Mercia by Off a, who in 765 constructed See also:Watt's See also:Dike to defend his territory against the Welsh, and in 779, having pushed across the Severn, drove the See also:king of Powys from Shrewsbury, then known as Pengwerne, and secured his conquests by a second defensive earthwork known as See also:Offa's Dike, which, entering Shropshire at Knighton, traverses See also:moor and mountain by Llanymynech and Oswestry, in many places forming the boundary line of the county, and finally leaves it at Bron y See also:Garth and enters Denbighshire. In the 9th and loth centuries the district was frequently overrun by the Danes, who in 874 destroyed the famous priory of Wenlock, said to have been founded by St Milburg, granddaughter of See also:Penda of Mercia, and in 896 wintered at Quatford. In 912 1Ethelflead, the See also:lady of Mercia, erected a fortress at Bridgnorth against the Danish invaders, and in the next See also:year at Chirbury. Mercia was mapped out into shires in the loth See also:century after its recovery from the Danes by See also:Edward the See also:Elder, and Shropshire stands out as the See also:sole Mercian shire which did not derive its name from its chief town. The first mention of it in the Saxon See also:Chronicle occurs under 1oo6, when the king crossed the See also:Thames and wintered there. In 1or6 See also:Edmund fEtheling plundered Shrews-See also:bury and the neighbourhood. After the See also:Conquest the principal estates in Shropshire were all bestowed on See also:Norman proprietors, pre-eminent among whom is See also:Roger de See also:Montgomery, the 1st See also:earl of Shrewsbury, whose son See also:Robert de See also:Belesme forfeited his possessions for rebelling against See also:Henry I., when the latter bestowed the earldom on his See also:queen for See also:life. At this See also:period a very large portion of Shropshire was covered by its vast. forests, the largest of which, Worf Forest, at its origin extended at least 8 m. in length and 6 m. in width, and became a favourite See also:hunting-ground of the See also:English See also:kings. The forest of Wrekin, or See also:Mount See also:Gilbert as it was then called, covered the whole of that hill and extended eastward as far as See also:Sheriff See also:Hales.

Other forests were Stiperstones, the See also:

jurisdiction of which was from See also:time immemorial annexed to the See also:barony of Caus, Wyre, Shirlot, Clee, Long Forest and Brewood. The See also:constant See also:necessity of defending their territories against the Welsh prompted the Norman lords of Shropshire to such activity in castle-building that out of 186 castles in England no less than 32 are in this county. Of these the most famous are Ludlow, founded by Roger de Montgomery; See also:Bishop's Castle, which belonged to the bishops of Hereford; Clun Castle, built by the Fitz-Alans; Cleobury Castle, built by See also:Hugh de Mortimer; Caus Castle, once the barony of See also:Peter Corbett, from whom it came to the Barons See also:Strafford; See also:Rowton Castle, also a seat of the Corbetts; Red Castle, a seat of the Audleys. Other castles were Bridgnorth, Corfham, Holgate, Pulverbatch, Quatford, Shrewsbury and Wem. Among the Norman religious See also:foundations were the Cluniac Priory at Wenlock, re-established on the Saxon See also:foundation by Roger Montgomery in 1o8o; the Augustinian See also:abbey of Haughmond founded by See also:William Fitz-Alan; the Cistercian abbey of Buildwas, now a magnificent ruin, founded in 1135 by Roger,bishop of Chester; Shrewsbury Abbey, founded in 1083 by Roger de Montgomery; the Augustinian abbey of Lilleshall, founded in the reign of See also:Stephen; the Augustinian priory of Wombridge, founded before the reign of Henry I.; the See also:Benedictine priory of Alberbury founded by See also:Fulk Fitz-Warin in the 13th century; and Chirbury Priory founded in the 13th century. The fifteen Shropshire hundreds mentioned in the Domesday Survey were entirely rearranged in the reign of Henry I., and only Overs and Condover retained their See also:original names. The Domesday See also:hundred of Ruesset was replaced by See also:Ford, and the hundred court transferred from Alberbury to Ford. Hodnet was the See also:meeting-See also:place of the Domesday hundred of Odenet, which was combined with Recordin, the largest of the Domesday hundreds, to form the See also:modern hundred of See also:Bradford, the latter also including part of the Domesday hundred of Pinholle in Staffordshire. The hundred of Baschurch had its meeting-place at Baschurch in the time of Edward the See also:Confessor; in the reign of Henry I. it was represented mainly by the hundred of Pimhill, the meeting-place of which was at Pimhill. Oswestry represents the Domesday hundred of Mercete, the hundred court of which was transferred from Maesbury to Oswestry. Munslow hundred was formed in the reign of Henry I., but in the reign of See also:Richard I. a large portion was taken out of it to form a new See also:liberty for the priory of Wenlock, the limits of which correspond very nearly with the modern See also:franchise of Wenlock. The Domesday hundred of Alnodestreu, abolished in the reign of Henry I., had its meeting-place at Membrefeld (Morville).

The hundreds at the present See also:

day number fourteen. Shropshire was administered by a sheriff, at least from the time of the Conquest, the first Norman sheriff being Warin the Bald, whose successor was Rainald, and in 1156 the See also:office was held by William Fitz-Alan, whose See also:account of the See also:fee-See also:farm of the county is entered in the See also:pipe See also:roll for that year. The shire court was held at Shrewsbury. A considerable portion of Shropshire was included in the Welsh See also:marches, the court for .the administration of which was held at Ludlow. In 1397 the castle of Oswestry with the hundred and eleven towns pertaining thereto, the castle of See also:Isabel with the lordship pertaining thereto, and the castle of Dalaley, were annexed to the principality of Chester. By the See also:statute of 1535 for the abolition of the marches, the lordships of Oswestry, See also:Whittington, Masbroke and Knockin were formed into the hundred of Oswestry; the lordship of Ellesmere was joined to the hundred of Pimhill; and the lordship of Down to the hundred of Chirbury. The boundaries of Shropshire have otherwise varied but slightly since the Domesday Survey. Richard's Castle, Ludford, and Ludlow, however, were then included in the Herefordshire hundred of Cutestornes, while several manors now in Hereford-shire were assessed under Shropshire. The Shropshire manors of Kings Nordley, Aveley, Claverley and Worfield were assessed in the Domesday hundred of Saisdon in Staffordshire; and Quatt, Romsley, Rudge and See also:Shipley in the See also:Warwickshire hundred of Stanlei. By statute 34 and 35 Henry VIII. the town and hundred of Aberton, till then part of Merionethshire, were annexed to this county. Shropshire in the 13th century was situated almost entirely in the dioceses of Hereford and of See also:Coventry . and Lichfield; and formed an archdeaconry called the archdeaconry of Salop. That portion of the archdeaconry in the Hereford diocese included the deaneries of See also:Burford, Stottesdon, Ludlow, Pontes-bury, Clun and Wenlock; and that portion in the Coventry and Lichfield diocese the deaneries of Salop and Newport.

In 1535 the Hereford portion included the additional deanery of Bridgnorth; it now forms the archdeaconry of Ludlow, with the additional deaneries of Montgomery, Bishops Castle and Church Stretton. The See also:

arch deaconry of Salop, now entirely in the Hereford diocese, includes the deaneries of Condover, Edgmond, Ellesmere, Hodnet, Shifnal, Shrewsbury, Wem, Whitchurch and Wrockwardin. Part of Welsh Shropshire is included in the diocese of St Asaph, comprising the deanery of Oswestry in the archdeaconry of Montgomery, and two parishes in the deanery of See also:Llangollen and the archdeaconry of Mexham. The early bftical history of Shropshire ir largely concerned with- the constant incursions and depredations of the Welsh from across the border.. The Saxon Chronicle .relates that in 1053 the Welshmen slew a great many of the English wardens .at See also:Westbury, and in that year Harold ordered that any Welshman found beyond Off a's Dike within the English See also:pale should have his right See also:hand cut off. Various statutory measures to keep the Welsh in check were enforced in the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1399 Welshmen were forbidden to See also:purchase See also:land in the county See also:save on certain conditions, and this enactment was reinforced in 1400. In 1379 the men of Shropshire forwarded to See also:parliament a complaint of the felonies committed by the men of Cheshire and of the Welsh marches, and declared the See also:gaol of Shrewsbury Castle to be in such a ruinous See also:condition that they had no place of imprisonment for the offenders when captured. In 144.2 and again as See also:late as 1535 acts were passed for the See also:protection of Shropshire against the Welsh. But apart from the border warfare in which they were constantly engaged, the great Shropshire lords were actively concerned in the more See also:national struggles. Shrewsbury Castle was garrisoned for the empress Maud by William Fitz-Alan in 1138, but was captured by Stephen in the same year. Holgate Castle was taken by King See also:John from See also:Thomas Mauduit, one of the rebellious barons.

Ludlow and Shrewsbury were both held for a time by See also:

Simon de See also:Montfort. At See also:Acton See also:Burnell in 1283 was held the parliament which passed the famous Acton Burnell statute, and a parliament was summoned to meet at Shrewsbury in 1398. During the See also:Percy See also:rebellion Shrewsbury was in 1403 the See also:scene of the See also:battle of King's See also:Croft, in which Hotspur was slain. On the outbreak of the Civil See also:War of the 17th century the Shropshire gentry for the most part declared for the king, who visited Shrewsbury in 1642 and received valuable contributions in See also:plate and See also:money from the inhabitants. A See also:mint and See also:printing-See also:press were set up at Shrewsbury, which became a See also:refuge for the neighbouring royalist gentry. Wem, the first place to declare for the parliament, was garrisoned in 1645 by Richard See also:Baxter. Shrewsbury was forced to surrender in 1644, and the royalist strongholds of Ludlow and Bridgnorth were captured in 1646, the latter after a four See also:weeks' See also:siege, during which the See also:governor burnt part of the town for See also:defence against the parliamentary troops. Shropshire is noted for the number and lustre of the great families connected with it. Earl See also:Godwin, Sweyn, Harold, Queen Edith, Edward the Confessor and See also:Edwin and See also:Morcar are all mentioned in the Domesday Survey as having held land's in the county before the Conquest. The principal landholders at the time of the survey were the bishop of Chester, the bishop of Hereford, the church of St See also:Remigius, Earl Roger, Osbern Fitz-Richard, See also:Ralph de Mortimer, Roger de Lad, Hugh Lasne and See also:Nicholas Medicus. Earl Roger had the whole profits of Condover hundred and also owned Alnodestreu hundred. The family of Fitz-Alan, ancestors of the royal family of See also:Stuart, had supreme jurisdiction in Oswestry hundred, which was exempt from English See also:law.

Richard Fitz-Scrob, See also:

father of Osbern Fitz-Richard and founder of Richard's Castle, was See also:lord of the hundred of Overs at the time of the Conquest. Gatacre was the seat of the Gatacres. The barony of Pulverbatch passed from the Pulverbatches, and was See also:purchased in 1193 by John de Kilpeck for £See also:loo. The family of See also:Cornwall were barons of Burford and of Harley for many centuries. The family of Lestrange owned large estates in Shropshire after the Conquest, and Fulk Lestrange claimed the right of holding pleas of the See also:crown in Wrockworthyn in 1292. Among others claiming rights of jurisdiction in their Shropshire states in the same year were Edmund de Mortimer, the See also:abbot of Cumbermere, the See also:prior of Lanthony, the prior of Great See also:Malvern, the bishop of Lichfield, Peter Corbett, Nicholas of See also:Audley, the abbot of Lilleshall, John of Mortayn, Richard Fitz-Alan, the bishop of Hereford and the prior of Wenlock. The earliest industries of Shropshire took their rise from its abundant natural resources; the See also:rivers supplying valuable See also:fisheries; the vast forest areas abundance of See also:timber; while the mineral See also:pro-ducts of the county had been exploited from remote times. Thelead mines of Shelve and Stiperstones were worked by the See also:Romans, and in 1220 Robert Corbett conferred on Shrewsbury Abbey a tithe of his lead from the mine at Shelve. in 1260 See also:licence was granted to dig coal in the Clee Hills, and in 1291 the abbot of Wigmore received the profits of a coal-mine at Caynham. See also:Iron was dug in the Clee Hills and at Wombridge in the 16th century. Wenlock had a famous See also:copper-mine in the reign of Richard II., and in the 16th century was noted for its limestone. The Domesday Survey mentions See also:salt-works at See also:Ditton Priors, Caynham and Donnington. As the forest areas were gradually cleared and brought under cultivation, the county became more exclusively agricultural.

In 1343 Shropshire See also:

wool was rated at a higher value than that of almost any other English county, and in the 13th and 14th centuries Buildwas monastery exported wool to the' See also:Italian markets. Shropshire has never been distinguished for any characteristic manufactures, but a prosperous clothing trade arose about Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth, and Oswestry was famous in the 16th century for its See also:fine Welsh cottons. Antiquities —The ecclesiastical ruins and buildings of Shropshire are numerous and beautiful. Among the numerous monastic buildings the finest remains are those of Shrewsbury Abbey, Lilleshall near Newport, See also:White Ladies nunnery near Shifnal, Much Wenlock priory and Bromfield priory near Ludlow (see the towns .lamed). Besides these, Haughmond, 5 m. N.E. of Shrewsbury, an Augustinian foundation of the 12th century, has left extensive remains including a See also:chapter-See also:house, See also:hall, monks' well and other domestic buildings. Of Buildwas Abbey, on the Severn above Coalbrookdale, a Cistercian foundation of 1135, there are fine Norman and Early English remains of the church and chapter-house, together with the abbot's house and a series of passages below ground. Among the churches of the larger towns, those of Bridgnorth and Ludlow are conspicuous. Among See also:village churches, those of Stottesdon and See also:Stanton See also:Lacy in the south of the county, show considerable traces of pre-Conquest construction. Of Norman date those of Wroxeter, in which fragments from See also:Uriconium are incorporated, Claverley E. of Bridgnorth, Holdgate or Holgate in Corvedale and Clun, are See also:good examples, but there is a remarkable number of Norman doors and fonts throughout the county. The church of Cleobury Mortimeris good Early English, and that of Tong near Shifnal fine Perpendicular with a splendid series of tombs, while the See also:churchyard See also:cross at Bitterley, near Titter-stone Clee, is a beautiful specimen of the work of the same period. The solitary church of Battlefield, N. of Shrewsbury, marks the scene of the fight between Henry IV. and the Percies in 1403.

The remains of castles are generally slight, but the See also:

noble ruins at Ludlow are a noteworthy exception. The powerful fortress of Clun and the castle at Holdgate are Norman. Of the 13th century are those at See also:Hopton near Clun and Acton Burnell, S.E. of Shrewsbury, where Edward I. held parliament in 1283. See also:Middle Castle between Shrewsbury and Wem shows small ruins of the 14th century. At Moreton See also:Corbet on the Roden, N.E. of Shrewsbury, there'is an old castellated See also:mansion, but by far the finest example of this type in the county, and one of the best in England, is Stokesay Castle near Craven Arms. This beautiful relic See also:dates from the 13th century, and is almost perfect, having a large hall and massive See also:southern See also:tower, and a remarkable See also:half-timbered See also:gatehouse. Shropshire is also rich in See also:medieval domestic buildings, and in the streets of Ludlow and Shrewsbury are many beautiful examples of half-timbered See also:architecture. Among old See also:country mansions may be specially noted the half-timbered Pitchford Hall, near Shrewsbury and Benthall Hall, near Broseley, dating from 1535. See See also:Victoria County History, Shropshire; W. See also:Pearson, Antiquities of Shropshire (London, 1807); R. W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (12 vols., London, 1853-186o) ; J.

C. See also:

Anderson, Shropshire : Its Early History and Antiquities (London, 1864) ; C. H. Hartshorne, Salopia See also:Antigua (London, 1841); See also:Walcott, Introduction to See also:Sources of Salopian See also:Topography (Shrewsbury, 1879) ; La Touche, Handbook to the Geology of Shropshire (1886) ; Borderer, Hunting and Sporting Notes in Shropshire (London, 1885–1886) ; See also:Hughes, Sheriffs of Shropshire, 1831-1886 (Shrewsbury, 1886) ; Waiter, An Old Shropshire See also:Oak (4 vols., London, 1886-1891); See also:Fletcher, Religious See also:Census of Shropshire in 1676 (London, 1891); Cranage, Architectural Account of the Churches of Shropshire (Wellington, 1894–1899); Timmins, Nooks and Corners of Shropshire (London, 1899) ; Shropshire Notes and Queries (1885, &c.); Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society (1877, &c.); Salopian Shreds and Patches (1874-1891).

End of Article: SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

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