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See also:STEPHEN (ISTVAN) See also:BATHORY (1533-1586) , See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Poland and See also:prince of Transylvania, the most famous member of the Somly6 See also:branch of the See also:ancient Bathory See also:family, now See also:extinct, but originally almost coeval with the Hungarian See also:monarchy. Istvan Bdthory spent his See also:early years at the See also:court of the See also:emperor See also:Ferdinand, subsequently attached himself to Janos Zapolya, and won equal renown as a valiant See also:lord-marcher, and as a skilful diplomatist at the imperial court. Zapolya rewarded him with the voivodeship of Transylvania, and as the loyal defender of the rights of his See also:patron's son, See also:John See also:Sigismund, he incurred the animosity of the emperor See also:Maximilian, who kept him in See also:prison for two years. On the 25th of May 1571, on the See also:death of John Sigismund, Bathory was elected prince of Transylvania by the Hungarian estates, in spite of the opposition of the court of See also:Vienna and contrary to the wishes of the See also:late prince, who had appointed Gaspar Bekesy his successor. Bekesy insisting on his claims, a See also:civil See also:war ensued in which Bathory ultimately drove his See also:rival out of Transylvania (1572). On the See also:flight of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry of See also:Valois from Poland in 1574, the See also:Polish See also:nobility, chiefly at the instigation of the See also:great See also:chancellor, See also:Jan See also:Zamoyski, elected Bathory king of Poland (1575) in opposition to the emperor Maximilian, the See also:candidate of the See also:senate. On See also:hearing of his altogether unexpected See also:elevation, Bathory summoned the Transylvanian estates together at Medgyes and persuaded them to elect his See also:brother See also:Christopher prince in his See also:stead; then hastening to See also:Cracow, he accepted the onerous conditions laid upon him by the Polish See also:Diet, espoused the princess See also:Anne, the elderly See also:sister of the last Jagiello, Sigismund II., and on the 1st of May was crowned with unprecedented magnificence. At first his position was extremely difficult; but the sudden death of the emperor Maximilian at the very moment when that potentate, in See also:league with the See also:Muscovite, was about to invade Poland, completely changed the See also:face of things, and though Stephen's distrust of the Habsburgs remained invincible, he consented at last to enter into a defensive See also:alliance with the See also:empire which was carried through by the papal See also:nuncio on his return to See also:Rome in 1578. The leading events of Stephen Bathory's glorious reign can here only be briefly indicated. All armed opposition collapsed with the surrender of See also:Danzig. " The See also:Pearl of Poland," encouraged by her immense See also:wealth, and almost impregnable fortifications, as well as by the See also:secret support of See also:Denmark and the emperor, had shut her See also:gates against the new monarch, and was only reduced (Dec. 16,
1577) after a six months' See also:siege, beginning with a pitched See also:battle beneath her walls in which she lost 5000 of her mercenaries. Danzig was compelled to pay a See also:fine of 200,000 guldens, but her civil and religious liberties were wisely confirmed. Stephen was now able to devote himself to See also:foreign affairs. The difficulties with the See also:sultan were temporarily adjusted by a truce signed on the 5th of See also:November 1577; and the Diet of See also:Warsaw waspersuaded to See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant Stephen subsidies for the inevitable war against Muscovy. Two See also:campaigns of wearing See also:marches, and still more exhausting sieges ensued, in which Bathory, although repeatedly hampered by the See also:parsimony of the Diet, was uniformly successful, his skilful See also:diplomacy at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time allaying the suspicions of the See also:Porte and the emperor. In 1581 Stephen penetrated to the very See also:heart of Muscovy, and, on the 22nd of See also:August, sat down before the ancient See also:city of See also:Pskov, whose vast See also:size and imposing fortifications filled the little Polish See also:army with dismay. But the king, despite the murmurs of his own See also:officers, and the protestations of the papal nuncio, Possevino, whom the See also:curia, deluded by the See also:mirage of a See also:union of the churches, had sent expressly from Rome to mediate between the See also:tsar and the king of Poland, closely besieged the city throughout a See also:winter of See also:arctic severity, till, on the 13th of See also:December 1581, See also:Ivan the Terrible, alarmed for the safety of the third city in his empire, concluded See also:peace at Zapoli (Jan. 15, 1582), thereby ceding See also:Polotsk and the whole of See also:Livonia. The See also:chief domestic event of Stephen's reign was the See also:establishment in Poland of the See also:Jesuits, who alone had the intelligence to understand and promote his designs of uniting Poland, Muscovy and Transylvania into one great See also:state with the See also:object of ultimately expelling the See also:Turks from See also:Europe. The project was dissipated by his sudden death, of See also:apoplexy, on the 12th of December 1586.
See I. Polkowski, The See also:Martial Exploits of Stephen Bdthory (Pol.; Cracow, 1887); See also:Paul Pierling, Un See also:Arbitrage pontifical an xvi" siecle (See also:Brussels, 1890); Lajos Szadeczky, Stephen Bdthory's See also:election to the See also:Crown of Poland (Hung.; See also:Budapest, 1887). (R. N.
End of Article: STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
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