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GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 529 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806) , See also:American See also:general, was See also:born at See also:Maldon in See also:Essex, See also:England, in 1728. He entered the See also:English See also:army at an See also:early See also:age, and was rapidly promoted. He accompanied General See also:Braddock in his disastrous expedition against Fort See also:Duquesne in 1755, and was severely wounded in the See also:battle of See also:July 9; and he saw other active service in the Seven Years' See also:War. After the See also:peace of 1763 he See also:purchased an See also:estate in See also:Virginia,where he lived till the outbreak of the War of See also:Independence in 1775, when he was named by See also:Congress See also:adjutant-general. In 1776 he was appointed to command the troops which had lately retreated from See also:Canada, and in See also:August 1777, as a result of a successful intrigue, was appointed to supersede General See also:Philip See also:Schuyler in command of the See also:Northern See also:Department. In the two battles of See also:Saratoga (q.v.) his army defeated General See also:Burgoyne, who, on the 17th of See also:October, was forced to surrender his whole army. This success was, however, largely due to the previous manoeuvres of Schuyler and to Gates's subordinate See also:officers. The intrigues of the See also:Conway See also:Cabal to have See also:Washington superseded by Gates completely failed, but Gates was See also:president for a See also:time of the See also:Board of War, and in 178o was placed in See also:chief command in the See also:South. He was totally defeated at See also:Camden, S.C., by See also:Cornwallis on the 17th of August 178o, and in See also:December was superseded by See also:Greene, though an investigation into his conduct terminated in acquittal (1782). He then retired to his Virginian estate, whence he removed to New See also:York in 1790, after emancipatinghis slaves and providing for those who needed assistance. He died in New York on the loth of See also:April 18o6.

End of Article: GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

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