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WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 185...

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 344 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– ) , See also:American See also:negro teacher and reformer, was See also:born on a See also:plantation near See also:Hale's See also:Ford, See also:Franklin See also:county, See also:Virginia. Soon after the See also:Civil See also:War he went to See also:Malden, See also:West Virginia, where he worked in a See also:salt fumace and then in a See also:coal mine. He obtained an elementary See also:education at See also:night school, and worked as a See also:house servant in a See also:family where his ambition for knowledge was encouraged. In 1872 " by walking, begging rides both in wagons and in the.cars " he travelled 500 M. to the See also:Hampton (Virginia) Normal and Agricultural See also:Institute, where he remained three years, working as janitor for his See also:board and education, and graduated in 1875. For two years he taught at Malden, West Virginia, and studied for eight months (1878–1879) at the Way-See also:land See also:Seminary in Washington, D.C. In 1879 he became instructor at the Hampton Institute, where he trained about seventy-five American See also:Indians with whom See also:General S. C. See also:Armstrong was carrying on an educational experiment, and he See also:developed the night school, which became one of the most important features of the institution. In 1881 he was appointed organizer and See also:principal of a negro normal school at See also:Tuskegee, See also:Alabama (q.v.), for which the See also:state legislature had made an See also:annual See also:appropriation of $2000. Opened in See also:July 1881 in a little shanty and See also:church, the Tuskegee Normal and See also:Industrial Institute became, under Washington's See also:presidency, the foremost exponent of industrial education for the negro. To promote its interests and . to establish better understanding between whites and blacks, Washington delivered many addresses throughout the See also:United States, notably a speech in 1895 at the opening of the See also:Atlanta See also:Cotton States and See also:International Exposition.

In 1900 at See also:

Boston, See also:Massachusetts, he organized the See also:National Negro Business See also:League. Harvard conferred upon him the honorary degree of A.M. in 1896, and See also:Dartmouth that of LL.D. in 19o1. Among his publications are a remarkable autobiography, Up from See also:Slavery (1901), The Future of the American Negro (1899), See also:Sowing and See also:Reaping (190o), See also:Character See also:Building (190?), Working with the Hands (19o4), Tuskegee and its See also:People (19o5), Putting the most into See also:Life (1906), Life of See also:Frederick See also:Douglass (1 07), The Negro in Business (1907) and The See also:Story of the Negro (1909).

End of Article: WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )

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