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See also:ESSEX, See also:KINGDOM OF , one of the kingdoms into which Anglo-Saxon See also:Britain was divided, properly the See also:land of the See also:East See also:Saxons. Of its origin and See also:early See also:history we have no See also:record except the See also:bare statement of See also:Bede that its settlers were of the Old Saxon See also:race. In connexion with this it is interesting to See also:notice that the East Saxon See also:dynasty claimed descent from Seaxneat, not See also:Woden. The See also:form Seaxneat is identical with Saxnot, one of three gods mentioned in a See also:short See also:continental document probably of Old Saxon origin. Bede does not mention this kingdom in his narrative until 604, the See also:year of the See also:consecration of See also:Mellitus to the see of See also:London. The boundaries of Essex were in later times the See also:rivers See also:Stour and See also:Thames, but the See also:original limits of the kingdom are quite uncertain; towards the See also:west it probably included most if not the whole of See also:Hertfordshire, and in the 7th See also:century the whole of See also:Middlesex. In 604 we find Essex in See also:close dependence upon See also:Kent, being ruled by Saberht, See also:sister's son of iEthelberht, under whom the East Saxons received See also:Christianity. The three sons of Saberht, however, expelled Mellitus from his see, and even after their See also:death in See also:battle against the West Saxons, See also:Eadbald of Kent was unable to restore him. In the year 653 we find Northuinbrian See also:influence See also:paramount in Essex, for See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Sigeberht at the instance of See also:Oswio became a See also:Christian and received Cedd, the See also:brother of St See also:Chad, in his kingdom as See also:bishop, Tilbury and Ythanceastere (on the See also:Blackwater) being the See also:chief scenes of his See also:work. Swithhelm, the successor of Sigeberht, was on terms of friendship with the East Anglian royal See also:house, King AEthelwald being his See also:sponsor at his See also:baptism by Cedd. It was probably about this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time that Erconwald, afterwards bishop of London, founded the monastery of See also:Barking. Swithhelm's successors Sigehere and Sebbe were dependent on See also:Wulfhere, the powerful king of See also:Mercia, who on the See also:apostasy of Sigehere sent Bishop Jaruman to restore the faith. There are grounds for believing that an East Saxon See also:conquest of Kent took See also:place in this reign. A forged See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of Ceadwalla speaks of the fall of Kent before Sigehere as a well-known event; and in a Kentish See also:charter dated 676 a king of Kent called Swebhard grants land with the consent of his See also:father King Sebbe. In 692 or 694 Sebbe abdicated and received the monastic vows from Waldhere, the successor of Erconwald at London. His sons Sigeheard and Swefred succeeded him as See also:kings of Essex, Sigehere being apparently dead. As the See also:laws of See also:Ine of Wessex speak of Erconwald as " my bishop," it is possible that the influence of Wessex for a short time prevailed in Essex; but a subsequent charter of Swefred is approved by Coenred of Mercia, and See also:Offa, the son of Sigehere, accompanied the same king to See also:Rome in 709. From this time onwards the history of Essex is almost a See also:blank. In 743 or 745 iEthelbald of Mercia is found granting privileges at the See also:port of London, and perhaps the western portion of the kingdom had already been annexed, for henceforward London is frequently the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-place of the Mercian See also:council. The violent death of Selred, king of Essex, is mentioned in the Saxon See also:Chronicle under the year 746; but we have no more See also:information of See also:historical importance until the defeat of the Mercian king Beornwulf in 825, when Essex, together with Kent, See also:Sussex and See also:Surrey, passed into the hands of See also:Ecgbert, king of Wessex. After 825 we hear of no more kings of Essex, but occasionally of earls. About the year 87o Essex passed into the hands of the Danes and was See also:left to them by the treaty between See also:Alfred and See also:Guthrum. It was reconquered by See also:Edward the See also:Elder. The 'earldom in the loth century apparently included several other counties, and its
most famous holder was the ealdorman Brihtnoth, who See also:fell at the battle of See also:Maldon in 991.
The following is a See also:list of kings of Essex of whom there is record: Saberht (d. c. 617); three sons of Saberht, including probably Saweard and 'Seaxred; Sigeberht (Parvus); Sigeberht II.; Swithhelm (d. c. 664); Sigehere (reigned perhaps 664–689); Sebbe, son of Seaxred (664–694); Sigeheard (reigning in 693–694); Swefred (reigning in 693–694 and in 704); the two last being sons of Sebbe; Swebriht (d. 738); Selred (d. 746); Swithred, See also:grandson of Sigeheard (succ. 746); Sigeric,. son of Selered (abd. 798); Sigered, son of Sigeric (reigning in 823).
See Bede, Hist. Eccl., edited by C. Plummer (See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, 1896), ii. 3, 5; Saxon Chronicle (See also:Earle and Plummer, Oxford, 1899), s.a. 823, 894, 904, 913, 921, 994; See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Malmesbury, Gesta Regum, Rolls See also:Series (ed. See also:Stubbs, 1887–1889) ; See also:Simeon of See also:Durham, s.a. 746 (ed. T. See also:Arnold, 1882) and appendix, s.a. 738; See also:Florence of See also:Worcester (ed. B. See also:Thorpe, London, 1848–1849) ; H. Sweet, See also:Oldest See also:English Texts, p. 179 (London, 1885). (F. G. M.
End of Article: ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
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