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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 192 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ENGLISH ISSUES (i.) See also:

Line-engraved Stamps. See also:Halfpenny See also:Stamp.—First issue, See also:October 1, 187o: See also:size 18 mm. by 14 MM.; See also:lake-red varying to See also:rose-red. One See also:Penny Stamp.—First issue, 1st (for 6th) May 1840: the See also:head executed by See also:Frederick See also:Heath, from a See also:drawing by See also:Henry Corbould of See also:William See also:Wyon's See also:medal struck to commemorate her See also:majesty's visit to the See also:City of See also:London on the 9th of See also:November 1837: size 2211 mm. by 18; mm.; See also:black, watermarked with a small See also:crown; a few sheets in 1841 struck in red, two essays were made in See also:April' and October 184o in See also:blue and blue-back; imperforate. The second issue, See also:January 20, 1841, differed only from the first issue as to colour—red instead of black. It is stated 1 that the See also:colour, " though always officially referred to as ' red,' was really a red-See also:brown, and this may be regarded as the normal colour; but considerable See also:variations in See also:tone and shade (See also:brick-red, See also:orange-red, lake-red) occurred from See also:time to time, often accentuated by the blueing of the See also:paper, though primarily due to a want of uniformity in the method employed for preparing the See also:ink." The See also:change of colour from black was made in See also:order to render the obliteration (now in black instead of red ink) more distinct; imperforate. Third issue, See also:February 1854: small crown watermark; perforated 16 (i.e. 16 holes to 2 centimetres). The See also:fourth issue, January 1855, differed only from the third issue in being perforated 14. Fifth issue, February 1855: from a new See also:die, with See also:minute variations of See also:engraving. In the second die the eyelid is more distinctly shaded, the nostril more curved, and the See also:band See also:round the See also:hair has a thick dark line forming its See also:lower edge. Small crown watermark; perforated 16 and 14. See also:Sixth issue, See also:July 1855: large crown watermark; perforated 14; a certain number 16.

Seventh issue, January 1858: See also:

carmine-rose varying from See also:pale to very deep. Large crown watermark; perforated, chiefly 14. Eighth issue, April 1, 1864: 1 See also:Wright and Creeke, See also:History of the Adhesive Stamp of the See also:British Isles available for Postal and See also:Telegraph Purposes (London, 1899).check-letters in all four corners instead of two only; large crown watermark; perforated 14. In 1880 the line-engraved one penny stamps were superseded by the See also:surface-printed one of similar value in venetian red, designed and printed by Messrs De la See also:Rue & Co. Three-halfpenny Stamp.—October 1, 1870: large crown See also:water-See also:mark; lake-red; perforated 14. Superseded in October 188o by De la Rue's surface-printed stamp. Twopenny Stamp.—First issue, 1st (for 6th) May 184o: 'small crown watermark; See also:light blue, dark blue; imperforate. Second issue, See also:March 1841: small crown watermark; See also:white line below " See also:Postage " and above " Twopence "; dull to dark blue; imperforate. Third issue, February (?) 1854: small crown watermark; blue, dark blue; perforated 16. Fourth issue, March 1855: small crown watermark; blue, dark blue; perforated 14. Fifth issue, July 1855: large crown watermark; blue; perforated 16; blue, dark blue; perforated 14. Sixth issue, May (?) 1857: large crown watermark; white lines thinner, blue, dark blue; perforated 14; dark blue; perforated 16.

Seventh issue, July 1858: large crown watermark; white lines as in fifth issue; deep to very deep blue; perforated i6. Eighth issue, April (?) 1869: large crown water-mark; white lines thinner; dull blue, deep to very deep blue, See also:

violet blue; perforated 14. Superseded in See also:December 188o by De la Rue's surface-printed stamp. (ii.) Embossed Stamps. Produced by See also:Dryden See also:Brothers, of See also:Lambeth, from designs submitted by Mr See also:Ormond See also:Hill of See also:Somerset See also:House, engraved after Wyon's medal. Sixpence.—March r, 1854: violet, reddish See also:lilac, dark violet; imperforate. Superseded in October 1856 by De la Rue's surface-printed stamp. Tenpence.—November 6, 1848: pale to very deep See also:chestnut-brown; imperforate. Superseded by De la Rue's surface-printed stamp in 1867. One See also:Shilling.—September II, 1847: See also:emerald See also:green, pure deep green, yellow-green; imperforate. Superseded in November 1856 by De la Rue's surface-printed stamp. (iii.) Surface-printed Stamps before z880.

Twopence-See also:

half-penny.—First issue, July 1, 1875: small See also:anchor watermark; lilac-rose; perforated 14. Second issue, May 1876: See also:orb watermark; lilac-rose, perforated 14. Third issue, February 5, 188o: orb watermark; See also:cobalt, and some See also:ultramarine; perforated 14. Fourth issue, March 23, 1881: large crown watermark; See also:bright blue; perforated 14. Threepence. All perforated 14. First issue, May 1, 1862: heraldic emblems watermark; carmine (pale to deep). Second issue, March 1, 1865: same watermark as above; carmine-See also:pink. Third issue, July 1867: watermarked with a spray of rose; carmine-pink, carmine-rose. Fourth issue, July r873. watermark as third issue; carmine-rose. Fifth issue, January 1, 1881: watermark large crown; carmine-rose. Sixth issue, January 1, 1883; watermark as fifth issue; See also:purple shades overprinted with value in deep pink.

Fourpence.—All perforated 14. First issue, July 31, 1855 watermark small garter; deep and dull carmine. Second issue, February 1856: watermark See also:

medium garter; pale carmine. Third issue, November 1, 1856: watermark medium garter; dull rose. Fourth issue, January 1857: watermark large garter; dull and pale to deep rose, pink. Fifth issue, January 15, 1862: water-mark large garter; carmine-See also:vermilion, vermilion-red. Sixth issue, July 1865: watermark large garter; pale to dark vermilion. Seventh issue, March 1, 1876: watermark large garter; pale vermilion. Eighth issue, February 27, 1877: watermark large garter; pale See also:sage-green. Ninth issue, July 188o: watermark large garter; See also:mouse-brown. Tenth issue, January 1, 1881: watermark large crown; mouse-brown. Sixpence.—All perforated 14.

First issue, October 21, 1856: no letters in angles; watermark heraldic emblems; dull lilac. Second issue, December r, 1862: small white letters in angles; otherwise as first issue. Third issue, April 1, 1865: large white letters in angles; otherwise as first issue. Fourth issue, See also:

June 1867: water-mark spray of rose; otherwise as third issue; some in bright lilac. Fifth issue, March 1869: as fourth issue; lilac, deep lilac, purple-lilac. Sixth issue, April 1, 1872: as fourth issue; bright chestnut-brown. Seventh issue, October 1872: as fourth issue; See also:buff. Eighth issue, April 1873: as fourth issue; greenish See also:grey. Ninth issue, April 1, 1874: watermarked as fourth issue; large coloured letters in angles; greenish grey. Tenth issue, January 1, 1881: large crown watermark; otherwise as ninth issue. See also:Eleventh issue, January 1, 1883: as tenth issue; purple, overprinted with value in deep pink. Eightpence.—September II, 1876: watermark large garter; chrome-yellow, pale yellow; perforated 14.

Ninepence.—All perforated 14. First issue, January 15, 1862: watermark heraldic emblems; ochre-brown, bright See also:

bistre. Second issue, December 1, 1865: watermark as above; bistre-brown, See also:straw. Third issue, October 1867: watermark spray of rose; straw. Tenpence.—July 1, 1867: watermark spray of rose; red-brown; perforated 14. One Shilling.—All perforated 14. First issue, November 1, 1856: watermark heraldic emblems; no letters in angles; dull green, pale to dark green. Second issue, December 1, 1862: as above; small white letters in angles; pale to dark green. Third issue, February 1865: as above; large white letters in angles; pale to dark green, bluish green. Fourth issue, See also:August 1867: water-mark spray of rose; otherwise as third issue; pale to dark green, bluish green. Fifth issue, See also:September 1873: large coloured letters in angles; otherwise as fourth issue; light to dark green, bluish green. Sixth issue, October 14, 188o: as fifth issue; pale red-brown.

Seventh issue, June 15, 1881: watermark large crown; otherwise as sixth issue; pale red-brown. Two Shillings.—Watermark spray of rose; perforated 14. First issue, July 1, 1867: pale to full blue, very deep blue. Second issue, February 1880: light brown. Five Shillings.—First issue, July 1, 1867: watermarked with a See also:

cross pate; pink, pale rose; perforated 151 by 15. Second issue, November 1882: watermark large anchor; carmine-pink; perforated 14. Ten Shillings.—First issue, September 26, 1878: watermark cross pate; green-grey; perforated 151 by 15. Second issue, February 1883: watermark large anchor; green-grey; perforated 14. One See also:Pound.—First issue, September 26, 1878: watermark cross pate; brown-violet; perforated 152 by 15. Second issue, December 1882: watermark large anchor; brown-violet; perforated 14. (iv.) After 1880. In 1880-1881 the halfpenny, penny, three-halfpenny and two-penny surface-printed stamps superseded the line-engraved stamps of the same value, and a new surface-printed stamp of fivepence was introduced.

These stamps are distinguished from the stamps already described by the See also:

absence of See also:plate-See also:numbers and (except in the penny stamp) of check-letters in the corners; also by the coarser See also:style of engraving necessary for See also:printing by See also:machines driven by See also:steam-See also:power. One Halfpenny.—First issue, October 14, 188o: 'large crown watermark; pale green, bluish green, dark green; perforated 14. Second issue, April 1, 1884: See also:slate-blue. One Penny.—January 1, 188o: large crown watermark; venetian red; perforated 14. Three-halfpence.--October 14, 188o: large crown watermark; venetian red; perforated 14. Twopence.—December 8, 1880: large crown watermark; pale to very deep carmine red; perforated 14. Fivepence.—March 15, 1881: large crown watermark; dark dull See also:indigo, indigo-black; perforated 14. The Customs and Inland See also:Revenue See also:Act which came into force on June 1, 1881, made it unnecessary to provide See also:separate penny stamps for postal and fiscal purposes. By an act of 1882 (45 & 46 Viet. c. 72) it became unnecessary to provide separate stamps for postal and fiscal purposes up to and including stamps of the value of 2s. 6d. A new See also:series was therefore issued: One Penny.—All perforated 14.

First issue, July 12, 1881: large crown watermark; 14 pearls in each See also:

angle; purple-lilac, purple. Second issue, December 12, 1881: as first issue; 16 pearls in each angle; purple. Three-halfpence.—April 1884: large crown watermark; purple; perforated 14. Twopence.—Ditto. Twopence-half penny.—Ditto. Threepence.—Ditto. Fourpence.—Ditto, except in colour (See also:sea-green). Fivepence.—As fourpence. Sixpence.—Ditto. Ninepence.—Ditto. One Shilling.—Ditto. Two Shillings and Sixpence.—July 22, 1883: watermark large anchor; purple, dull lilac, dark purple; perforated 14.

Five Shillings.—April 1, 1884: See also:

ditto; pale to very deep carmine. Ten Shillings.—Ditto; pale blue, cobalt, light to dull blue. One Pound.—First issue, April 1, 1884: large crown watermark, 3 appearing in each stamp; brown-violet; perforated.14. Second issue, January 27, 1891: same watermark; bright green; perforated 14 Five Pounds.—March 21, 1882: large anchor watermark; orange-vermilion, vermilion, bright vermilion; perforated 14. Following upon the See also:report of a See also:committee of officials of the See also:General See also:Post See also:Office and Somerset House, a series of new stamps, commonly known as the " See also:Jubilee " issue, was introduced on January i, 1887, all of which between one halfpenny and one shilling exclusive were printed either in two See also:colours or on a coloured paper, so that each stamp was printed in See also:part in one or other of the doubly fugitive inks—green and purple. One Halfpenny.—January I, 1887: large crown watermark; orange-vermilion to bright vermilion; perforated 14. Three-halfpence.—January I, 1887: as the halfpenny; green and purple. Twopence.—Ditto: green and See also:scarlet to carmine. Twopence-halfpenny.--January 1, 1887: blue paper; watermark large crown; dark purple; perforated 14. Threepence.-.-January 1,1887: yellow paper; watermarked with a large crown; urple;perforated 14. Fourpence.=January t, 1887: watermark and perforation as in threepence; green and' brown. Fourpence-halfpenny.—September 15, 1892: as the fourpence; green and carmine.

Fivepence.—January 1, 1887: as the fourpence; purple and blue. Sixpence.—January 1, 1887: pale red paper; watermarked with a large crown; purple; perforated 14. Ninepence.—January 1, 1887: large crown watermark; purple and blue; perforated 14. Tenpence.—February 24, 1890: as the ninepence; purple and carmine-red. One Shilling.—January 1, 1887: as the ninepence; green. • The various fiscal stamps admitted to postage uses, the over-printed See also:

official; stamps for use by See also:government departments, and the stamps specially surcharged for use in the See also:Ottoman See also:Empire, do not See also:call for detailed See also:notice in this See also:article. The distinctive telegraph stamps are as follows: One Halfpenny.—April 1, 188o: shamrock watermark; orange vermilion; perforated 14. One Penny.—February I, 1876: as the halfpenny; reddish brown. Threepence.—Perforated 14. First issue, February 1, 1876: watermark spray of rose ; carmine. Second issue, August 1881: watermark large crown; carmine. Fourpence.—March I, 1877: watermark large garter; pale sage-green; perforated 14.

Sixpence.---Perforated 14. First issue, March 1, 1877: water-mark spray of rose; greenish-grey. Second issue, July 1881: as first issue; watermark large crown. One Shilling.—Perforated 14. First issue, February I, 1876: watermark spray of rose; green. Second issue, October 188o: watermark spray of rose; pale red-brown. Third issue, February 1881 : watermark large crown ; pale red brown. Three Shillings.—Perforated 14; slate blue. First issue, March 1, 1877: watermark spray of rose. Second issue, August 1881: watermark large crown. Five Shillings.—First issue, February I, 1876: watermark cross pate; dark to light rose; perforated 15 by 152. Second issue, August 1881: watermark large anchor; carmine-rose; perforated 14.

Ten Shillings.—March 1, 1877; watermark cross pate; green-grey; perforated 15 by 152. One Pound.—March 1, 1877: watermark shamrock; brown-purple ; perforated 14. Five Pounds.—March 1, 1877: watermark shamrock; orange-vermilion: perforated 152 by 15. In addition to these, there were stamps specially prepared for the See also:

army telegraphs.

End of Article: ENGLISH

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