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limestone rocks at Cheddar. Two others, D. plumarius and D. caryophyllus, are more or less naturalized, and are interesting as being the originals of the pinks and of the carnations and picotees of See also:

ENGLISH

English gardens. See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden pinks are derivatives from Dianthus plumarius, a native of central Europe, with leaves rough at the edges, and with See also:

rose-coloured or purplish flowers. The use of " pink " for a See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour is taken from the name of the plant .l The pink is a favourite garden See also:

flower of See also:

hardy constitution. It has been in cultivation in See also:

England since 1629, and is a See also:

GREAT

great favourite with florists, those varieties being preferred which i The See also:

ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology of " pink " is disputed; it may be connected with " to pink " (apparently a naturalized See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of " pick "), properly to prick or See also:

PUNCH

punch holes in material for the purpose of See also:

ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament, hence, later, to scallop or cut a See also:

PATTERN

pattern in the edge of the material. The flower has jagged edges to the petals, but the name occurs in the 16th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and the later meaning, " to scallop," not till the 19th. Others connect with " pink," See also:

HALF

half-shut blinking of the eyes, as in " plumpie Bacehus, with pinke eyne" (Shakspeare See also:

Ant. and Cl. u. vii.

121); this word is seen ha Dutch pinken, to blink, shut the eyes, and may be connected wir " pinch." The See also:

French name for the flower, oeillet, little See also:

eye, may point to this derivation. The disease of horses, known as " pink-eye," a contagious See also:

INFLUENZA (syn. " grip," la grippe)

influenza, is so-called from the colour of the inflamed conjunctiva, a symptom of the See also:

AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection have the margin of the petals entire, and which are well marked in the centre with See also:

bright See also:

CRIMSON

crimson or dark See also:

PURPLE

purple. Its grassy but See also:

GLAUCOUS (Gr. yAavK6s, bright, gleaming)

glaucous foliage is much like that of the See also:

CARNATION (Dianthus Caryophyllus, natural order Caryophyllaceae)

carnation, but the whole plant is smaller and more tufted. Pinks require a free loamy See also:

SOIL

soil deeply trenched, and well enriched with cow-dung. They are readily increased by cuttings (pipings), by layers and by See also:

SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed. Cuttings and layers should be taken as See also:

early in See also:

JULY

July as practicable. The former should be rooted in a See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

FRAME

frame or in a shady spot out of doors. When rooted, which will be about See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, they should be planted 4 in. apart in a nursery See also:

bed, where they may remain till the latter See also:

PART

part of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September or the early part of See also:

OCTOBER

October. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention required during See also:

winter is to See also:

PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press them down firmly should they become lifted by frosts, and in See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring the ground should be frequently stirred and kept free from weeds. The pink is raised from seeds, not only to obtain new varieties, but to keep up a See also:

RACE

race of vigorous-growing sorts. The seeds may be sown in See also:

March or See also:

APRIL

April in pots in a warm frame, and the See also:

young See also:

PLANTS

plants may be pricked off into boxes and sheltered in a cold frame. They should be planted out in the early part of the summer in nursery beds, in which, if they have space, they may remain to flower, or the alternate ones may be transplanted to a blooming bed in September or the early part of October; in either See also:

case they will See also:

BLOOM (from A.S. bloma, a flower)

bloom the following summer.

These will grow in any See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good garden soil, but the richer it is the better. The border varieties are useful for forcing during the early spring months. These are propagated from early pipings and grown in nursery beds, being taken up in October, potted in a See also:

rich loamy compost, and wintered in a cold See also:

PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit till required for the forcing See also:

house. The following varieties are among the best. For See also:

BORDERS, THE

borders and forcing: See also:

ASCOT

Ascot, See also:

CARNEA

Carnea, Delicata, See also:

Derby See also:

Day, Her See also:

MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

Majesty, See also:

Hercules, See also:

Anne See also:

BOLEYN (or BULLEN), ANNE (c. 1507–1536)

Boleyn, See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche, Mrs Sinkins, Mrs See also:

James Welsh, Pilrig See also:

Park, See also:

RUBENS, PETER PAUL (1577-164o)

Rubens, See also:

SNOWDON (Wyddfa, view-place, Eryri, eagle-place)

Snowdon, Tom Welsh. Florists' show and laced varieties: Attraction, Beauty of See also:

Bath, See also:

CLARA, SAINT (1194-1253)

Clara, Criterion, See also:

ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

Ensign, Galopin, Harry See also:

HOOPER, JOHN (d. 1555)

Hooper, See also:

John See also:

Ball, See also:

Malcolm Dunn, Mrs D. See also:

Gray, Reliance, See also:

William See also:

Paul. The Carnation (q.v.) and Picotee are modifications of Dianthus Caryophyllus, the Clove Pink. This is a native of Europe, growing on rocks in the south, but in the See also:

north usually found on old walls. Its occurrence in England on some of the old See also:

Norman castles, as at See also:

Rochester, is supposed by See also:

CANON

Canon Ellacombe to indicate its introduction by the See also:

NORMANS

Normans; in any case the plant grows in similar situations in See also:

NORMANDY

Normandy. The carnation includes those flowers which are streaked or striped lengthwise—the picotees are those in which the petals have a narrow See also:

BAND

band of colour along the edge, the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the petal being free from stripes or blotches. These by the old writers were called " gillyflowers." The Sweet William of gardens is a product from Dianthus barbatus.

The See also:

Sea-Pink, or See also:

THRIFT

Thrift, Statice Armeria (Armeria vulgaris), is a member of the natural See also:

order Plumbagineae; it is a widely distributed plant found on rocky and stony sea-shores and on lofty mountains. There are many improved varieties of it now in cultivation, one with almost pure See also:

white flowers.

End of Article: PINK

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