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See also:JOHN, See also:DON (1545-1578) , of See also:Austria, was the natural son of the See also:emperor See also:Charles V. by See also:Barbara Blomberg, the daughter of an opulent See also:citizen of See also:Regensburg. He was See also:born in that See also:free imperial See also:city on the 24th of See also:February 1545, the anniversary of his See also:father's See also:birth and See also:coronation and of the See also:battle of See also:Pavia, and was at first confided under the name of Geronimo to See also:foster parents of humble birth, living at a See also:village near See also:Madrid; but in 1554 he was transferred to the See also:charge of Madalena da Ulloa, the wife of Don Luis de Quijada, and was brought up in See also:ignorance of his parentage at Quijada's See also:castle of Villagarcia not far from See also:Valladolid. Charles V. in a See also:codicil of his will recognized Geronimo as his son, and recommended him to the care of his successor. In See also:September 1559 See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip II. of See also:Spain publicly recognized the boy as a member of the royal See also:family, and he was known at See also:court as Don Juan de Austria. For three years he was educated at See also:Alcala, and had as school companions his nephews, the See also:infante Don See also:Carlos and See also:Alexander See also:Farnese, See also:prince of See also:Parma. With Don Carlos his relations were especially friendly. It had been Philip's intention that Don John should become a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk, but he showed a strong inclination for a soldier's career and the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king yielded. In 1568 Don John was appointed to the command of a See also:squadron of 33 galleys, and his first operations were against the Algerian pirates. His next services were (1569-70) against the See also:rebel See also:Moriscos in See also:Granada. In 1571 a nobler See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of See also:action was opened to him. The See also:conquest of See also:Cyprus by the See also:Turks had led the See also:Christian See also:powers of the Mediterranean to fear for the safety of the Adriatic. A See also:league between Spain and See also:Venice was effected by the efforts of See also:Pope See also:Pius V. to resist the See also:Turkish advance to the See also:west, and Don John was named See also:admiral in See also:chief of the combined fleets. At the See also:head of 208 galleys, 6 galleasses and a number of smaller See also:craft, Don John encountered the Turkish See also:fleet at See also:Lepanto on the 7th of See also:October 1571, and gained a See also:complete victory. Only See also:forty Turkish vessels effected their See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape, and it was computed that 35,000 of their men were slain or captured while 15,000 Christian See also:galley slaves were released. Unfortunately, through divisions and jealousies between the See also:allies, the fruits of one of the most decisive See also:naval victories in See also:history were to a See also:great extent lost.
This great See also:triumph aroused Don John's ambition and filled his See also:imagination with schemes of See also:personal aggrandizement. He thought of erecting first a principality in See also:Albania and the Morea, and then a See also:kingdom in See also:Tunis. But the conclusion by Venice of a See also:separate See also:peace with the See also:sultan put an end to the
league, and though Don John captured Tunis in 1573, it was again speedily lost. The schemes of Don John found no support in Philip II., who refused to entertain them, and even withheld from his See also:half-See also:brother the See also:title of infante of Spain. At last, however, he was appointed (1576) See also:governor-See also:general of the Nether-lands, in See also:succession to Luis de See also:Requesens. The See also:administration of the latter had not been successful, the revolt headed by the prince of See also:Orange had spread, and at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of Don John's nomination the Pacification of See also:Ghent appeared to have See also:united the whole of the seventeen provinces of the See also:Netherlands in deter-See also:mined opposition to See also:Spanish See also:rule and the policy of Philip II. The magic of Don John's name, and the great qualities of which he had given See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof, were to recover what had been lost. He was, however, now brought into contact with an adversary of a very different calibre from himself. This was See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of Orange, whose See also:influence was now supreme throughout the Nether-lands. The Pacification of Ghent, which was really a treaty between See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and See also:Zeeland and the other provinces for the See also:defence of their See also:common interests against Spanish oppression, had been followed by an agreement between the See also:southern provinces, known as the See also:Union of See also:Brussels, which, though maintaining the See also:Catholic See also:religion and the king's authority, aimed at the See also:expulsion of the Spanish soldiery and officials from the Nether-lands. Confronted by the refusal of the states general to accept him as governor unless he assented to the conditions of the Pacification of Ghent, swore to maintain the rights and privileges of the provinces, and to employ only Netherlanders in his service, Don John, after some months of fruitless negotiations, saw himself compelled to give way. At Huey on the 12th of February 1577 he signed a treaty, known as the " Perpetual See also:Edict," in which he complied with these terms. On the 1st of May he made his entry into Brussels, but he found himself governor-general only in name, and the prince of Orange See also:master of the situation. In See also:July he suddenly betook himself to See also:Namur and withdrew his concessions. William of Orange forthwith took up his See also:residence at Brussels, and gave his support to the See also:archduke See also:Matthias, afterwards emperor, whom the states-general accepted as their See also:sovereign. Meanwhile Philip had sent large reinforcements to Don John under the leadership of his See also:cousin Alexander Farnese. At the head of a powerful force Don John now suddenly attacked the patriot See also:army at Gemblours, where, chiefly by the skill and daring of Farnese, a complete victory was gained on the 31st of See also:January 1578. He could not, however, follow up his success for lack of funds, and was compelled to remain inactive all the summer, chafing with impatience at the See also:cold indifference with which his appeals for the sinews of See also:war were treated by Philip. His See also:health gave way, he was attacked with See also:fever, and on the 1st of October 1578, at the See also:early See also:age of 33, Don John died, heartbroken at the failure of all his soaring ambitions, and at the repeated proofs that he had received of the king his brother's See also:jealousy and neglect.
See See also:Sir W. See also:Stirling See also:Maxwell, Don John of Austria 1547–1575 (1883) and the bibliography under PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.
End of Article: JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
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