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See also:ARCHDUKE (See also:Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog) , a See also:title See also:peculiar now to the See also:Austrian royal See also:family. According to See also:Selden it denotes " an See also:excellency or pre-See also:eminence only, not a superiority or See also:power over other See also:dukes, as in See also:archbishop it doth over other bishops." Yet in this latter sense it would seem to have been assumed by See also:Bruno of See also:Saxony, archbishop of See also:Cologne, and See also:duke of See also:Lorraine (953—965), when he divided his duchy into the dukedoms of Upper and See also:Lower Lorraine. The designation was, however, exceedingly rare during the See also:middle ages. The title of archduke of Lorraine ceased with the circumstances which had produced it. The later dynasties of See also:Brabant and Lorraine, when these fiefs became hereditary, See also:bore only-the title of duke. The See also:house of See also:Habsburg, therefore, did not acquire this title with the See also:inheritance of the dukes of Lorraine. Nor does it occur in any of the charters granted to the dukes of See also:Austria by the emperors; though in that creating the first duke of Austria the archiduces palatii, i.e. the See also:principal dukes of the See also:court, are mentioned. The " Archidux Austriae, seu Austriae inferioris 'i is spoken of by See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
Abbot See also:Rudolph (d. 1138) in his See also:chronicles of the See also:abbey of St Trond (Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium) but this is no more than a rhetorical flourish, and the title of " archduke See also:palatine " (Pfalz-Erzherzog) was, in fact, assumed first by Duke Rudolph IV. (d. 1365), and was one of the rights and privileges included in his famous See also:forgery of the See also:year 1358, the privilegium maius, which purported to have been bestowed by the See also:emperor See also:Frederick I. on the dukes of Austria in See also:extension of the genuine privilegium minus of 1156, granted to the See also:margrave See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. Rudolph IV. used the title on his See also:seals and charters till he was compelled to desist by the emperor See also:Charles IV. The title was also assumed for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, probably on the strength of the privilegium maius, by Duke Ernest of See also:Styria (d. 1424); but it
did not legally belong to the house of Habsburg until 1453, when Duke Ernest's son, the emperor Frederick III. (Frederick V., duke of Styria and See also:Carinthia, 1424-1493, of Austria, 1463-1493), confirmed the privilegium mains and conferred the title of archduke of Austria on his son See also:Maximilian and his heirs. The title archduke (or archduchess) is now See also:borne by all members of the Austrian imperial house.
See See also:John Selden, Titles of Honor (1672) ; See also:Antonius Matthaeus, De nobi/itate, de principibus, de ducibus, &c., libri quatuor (See also:Amsterdam and See also:Leiden, 1696, See also:lib. i. cap. 6) ; Pfeffel, Abrege chronologique de l'hist. et du See also:droit public d'Allemagne (See also:Paris, 1766) ; Brinckmeier, Glossarium diplomaticum, &c. (1850-1863, 2 vols.) ; J. F. See also:Joachim, " Abhandlung von dem Titel ` Erzherzog,' welchen das Haus Oesterreich fiihrt," in Prufende Gesellschaft zu See also:Halle, q; F. Wachter, See also:art. " Erzherzog," in Allgem. Encykl. der Wissenschaften u. Kiinste (1842, pub. by See also:Ersch and See also:Gruber) ; A. See also:Huber, Ueber See also:die Entstehungszeit der oesterreichischen Freiheitsbriefe (See also:Vienna, 1860; W. Erben, See also:Des Privilegium Friedrichs I. See also:fur das Herzogtum Osterreich (Vienna, 1902).
End of Article: ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)
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