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CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 702 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CYPRUS, See also:CHURCH OF . The Church of Cyprus is in communion and in doctrinal agreement with the other Orthodox Churches of the See also:East (see ORTHODOX EASTERN CHURCH), but is See also:independent and subject to no See also:patriarch. This position it has always claimed (see, however, W. See also:Bright, Notes on the Canons, on See also:Ephesus 8). At any See also:rate, its See also:independence " by See also:ancient See also:custom " was recognized, as against the claims of the patriarch of See also:Antioch, by the See also:council of Ephesus, A.D. 431, by an See also:edict of the See also:emperor See also:Zeno (to whom the church had sent a cogent See also:argument on its own behalf, the alleged See also:body of its reputed founder St See also:Barnabas, then just discovered at See also:Salamis), and by the Trullan Council in 692. Attempts have been made subse. quently by the patriarchs of Antioch to claim authority over it, the last as recently as 1600; but they came to nothing. And excepting for the See also:period during which Cyprus was in the hands of the Lusignans and the Venetian See also:Republic (1193-1571), the Church has never lost its independence. It receives the See also:holy ointment (,u pov) from without, till 186o from Antioch and subsequently from See also:Constantinople, but this is a See also:matter of See also:courtesy and not of right. Of old there were some twenty See also:sees in the See also:island. The See also:bishop of the See also:capital, Salamis or See also:Constantia, was constituted See also:metropolitan by Zeno, with the See also:title " See also:archbishop of all Cyprus," enlarged subsequently into " archbishop of CYRANO DE See also:BERGERAC, SAVINIEN (162o-1655), See also:French Justiniana Nova and of all Cyprus," after an enforced expatria- tion to Justinianopolis in 688. Zeno also gave him the unique privileges of wearing and See also:signing his name in the imperial See also:purple, &c., which are still preserved.

A Latin See also:

hierarchy was set up in 1196 (an archbishop at See also:Nicosia with suffragans at See also:Limasol, See also:Paphos and See also:Famagusta), and the See also:Greek bishops were made to See also:minister to their flocks in subjection to it. The sees were forcibly reduced to four, the archbishopric was ostensibly abolished, and the bishops were compelled to do See also:homage and swear fealty to the Latin Church. This bondage ceased at the See also:conquest of the island by the See also:Turks : the Latin hierarchy disappeared (the See also:cathedral at Nicosia is now used as a See also:mosque), and the native church emerged into See also:comparative freedom. In 1821, it is true, all the bishops and many of their See also:flock were put to See also:death by way of discouraging sympathies with the Greeks; but successors were soon consecrated, by bishops sent from Antioch at the See also:request of. the patriarch of Constantinople, and on the whole the Church has prospered. The bishops-elect required the See also:berat of the See also:sultan; but having received this, they enjoyed no little See also:civil importance. Since 1878 the berat has not been given, and the bishops are less influential. The suppressed sees have never been restored, but the four which survive (now known as Nicosia, Paphos, Kition and Kyrenia) are of metropolitan See also:rank, so that the archbishop, whose headquarters, first at Salamis, then at Famagusta, are now at Nicosia, is a See also:primate amongst metropolitans. There are several monasteries dating., from the 11th See also:century and onwards; also an archiepiscopal school at Nicosia, founded in 1812 and raised to the status of a " gymnasion " in 1893; and a high school for girls. rnr Ki irpov (See also:Athens, 1875) ; K. Kouriokurineos (Archbishop of Cyprus), 'Ioropta XpovoXo'yucfi 1171 vhaov Kunrpov (See also:Venice, 1788); de Mas Latrie, Histoire de See also:Pile de Chypre sous See also:les princes de la maison de See also:Lusignan (See also:Paris, 1852 f.); H. T. F.

See also:

Duckworth, The Church of Cyprus (See also:London, 1900) ; J. See also:Hackett, See also:History of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus (1901). (W. E.

End of Article: CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

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