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PAPHOS , an See also:ancient See also:city and See also:sanctuary on the See also:west See also:coast of See also:Cyprus. The sanctuary and older See also:town (Pa]aepaphos) See also:lie at Kouklia, about 20 M. west of See also:Limasol, about a mile inland on the See also:left See also:bank of the Diorizo See also:River (anc. Bocarus), the mouth of which formed its See also:harbour. New Paphos (Papho or Baffo), which had already superseded Old Paphos in See also:Roman times, lies 10 m. farther west, and m. See also:south of See also:modern Ktima, at the other end of a fertile coast-See also:plain. Paphos was believed to have been founded either by the Arcadian Agapenor, returning from the Trojan See also:War (c. 118o B.C.), or by his reputed contemporary Cinyras, whose See also:clan retained royal privileges down to the Ptolemaic See also:conquest of Cyprus in 295 B.C., and held the Paphian priesthood till the Roman occupation in 58 B.C. The town certainly See also:dates back to the See also:close of the Mycenaean See also:Bronze See also:age, and had a See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king Eteandros among the See also:allies of See also:Assur-bani-See also:pal of See also:Assyria in 668 B.C.1 A later king of the same name is commemorated by two inscribed bracelets of See also:gold now in the See also:Metropolitan Museum of New See also:York. In Hellenic times the See also:kingdom of Paphos was only second to See also:Salamis in extent and See also:influence, and bordered on those of See also:Soli and Curium.
Paphos owes its ancient fame to the cult of the " Paphian goddess" (rt Hacbial avcw ra, or it IIacpia, in See also:inscriptions, or simply 8ea), a nature-See also:worship of the same type as the cults of Phoenician See also:Astarte, maintained by a See also:college of, orgiastic ministers, practising sensual excess and self-See also:mutilation.2 The Greeks identified both this and a similar cult at See also:Ascalon with their own worship of See also:Aphrodite,3 and localized at Paphos the See also:legend of her See also:birth from the See also:sea foam, which is in fact accumulated here, on certain winds, in masses more than a See also:foot deep.4 Her See also:grave also was
1 E. See also:Schrader, Abh. k. Preuss. Ak. Wiss. (1879), pp. 31-36; Sitzb. k. Preuss. Ak. Wiss. (1890), pp. 337-344.
2 Athan. c. graecos, to. On all these cults see J. G. Frazer, See also:Adonis, See also:Attis, See also:Osiris (See also:London, 1906).
3 See also:Herod. i. t05; See further ASTARTE, APHRODITE.
4 Oberhummer, See also:Die Insel Cypern (See also:Munich, 1903), pp. 108-11o.
See also:PAPIAS-PAPIE.R MACHE
737
shown in this city. She was worshipped, under the See also:form of a conical See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, in an open-See also:air sanctuary of the usual Cypriote type (not unlike those of Mycenaean See also:Greece), the See also:general form of which is known from representations on See also:late gems, and on Roman imperial coins;' its ground See also:plan was discovered by excavations in x888.2 It suffered repeatedly from earthquakes, and was rebuilt more than once; in Roman times it consisted of an open See also:court, irregularly quadrangular, with porticos and See also:chambers on three sides, and a gateway through them on the See also:east. The position of the sacred stone, and the See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
interpretation of many details shown on the gems and coins, remain uncertain. South of the See also:main court lie the remains of what may be either an earlier See also:temple, or the traditional See also:tomb of Cinyras, almost wholly destroyed except its west See also:wall of gigantic stone slabs.
After the See also:foundation of New Paphos and the extinction of the Cinyrad and Ptolemaic dynasties, the importance of the Old Town declined rapidly. Though restored by See also:Augustus and renamed Sebaste, after the See also:great See also:earthquake of 15 B.C., and visited in See also:state by See also:Titus before his Jewish War in 79 B.C., it was ruinous and desolate by See also:Jerome's time3; but the See also:prestige of its See also:priest-See also:kings partly lingers in the exceptional privileges of the See also:patriarch of the Cypriote See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church (see CYPRUS, CHURCH OF).
New Paphos became the administrative See also:capital of the whole See also:island in Ptolemaic and Roman days, as well as the See also:head of one of the four Roman districts; it was also a flourishing commercial city in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Strabo, and famous for its oil, and for " diamonds " of medicinal See also:power. There was a festal procession thence annually to the ancient temple. In A.D. 96o it was attacked and destroyed by the See also:Saracens. The site shows a Roman See also:theatre, See also:amphitheatre, temple and other ruins, with See also:part of the city wall, and the moles of the Roman harbour, with a ruined See also:Greek See also:cathedral and other See also:medieval buildings. Outside the walls lies another columnar See also:building. Some See also:rock tombs hard by may be of earlier than Roman date.
See W. H. See also:Engel, Kypros (See also:Berlin, 1841) (classical allusions) ; M. R. See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James and others, Journ. Hellenic Studies, ix. 147 sqq. (See also:history and See also:archaeology); G. F. See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, Brit. See also:Mus. See also:Cat. Coins of Cyprus (London, 1904) (coins) ; See also:art. " Aphrodite " in See also:Roscher's See also:Lexicon der gr. u. rom. Mythologie; also See also:works cited in footnotes, and See also:article CYPRUS.
(J. L.
End of Article: PAPHOS
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