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LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 590 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LIE, See also:MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899) , See also:Norwegian mathematician, was See also:born at Nordfjordeif, near See also:Bergen, on the 17th of See also:December 1842, and was educated at the university of See also:Christiania, where he took his See also:doctor's degree in 1868 and became extraordinary See also:professor of See also:mathematics (a See also:chair created specially for him) four years later. In 1886 he was chosen to succeed See also:Felix See also:Klein in the chair of See also:geometry at See also:Leipzig, but as his fame See also:grew a See also:special See also:post was arranged for him in Christiania. But his See also:health was broken down by too assiduous study, and he died at Christiania on the 18th of See also:February 1899, six months after his return. Lie's See also:work exercised a See also:great See also:influence on the progress of mathematical See also:science during the later decades of the 19th See also:century. His See also:primary aim has been declared to be the See also:advancement and elaboration of the theory of See also:differential equations, and it was with this end in view that he See also:developed his theory of transformation See also:groups, set forth in his Theorie der Transjormationsgruppen (3 vols., Leipzig, 1888–1893), a work of wide range and great originality, by which probably his name is best known. A special application of his theory of continuous groups was to the See also:general problem of non-Euclidean geometry. The latter See also:part of the See also:book above mentioned was devoted to a study of the See also:foundations of geometry, considered from the standpoint of B. See also:Riemann and H. von See also:Helmholtz; and he intended to publish a systematic exposition of his geometrical investigations, in See also:conjunction with Dr G. Scheffers, but only one See also:volume made its See also:appearance (Geometrie der Beruhrungstransformationen, Leipzig, 1896). Lie was a See also:foreign member of the Royal Society, as well as an honorary member of the See also:Cambridge Philosophical Society and the See also:London Mathematical Society, and his geometrical inquiries gained him the much-coveted See also:honour of the Lobatchewsky See also:prize. An See also:analysis of Lie's See also:works is given in the Bibliotheca Mathematica (Leipzig, 1900).

End of Article: LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

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