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YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (17...

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 926 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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YORK, See also:FREDERICK See also:AUGUSTUS, See also:DUKE OF (1763-1827) , second son of See also:George III., was See also:born at St See also:James's See also:Palace on the 16th of See also:August 1763. At the See also:age of six months his See also:father secured his See also:election to the See also:rich bishopric of See also:Osnabruck. He was invested a See also:knight of the See also:Bath in 1767, a K.G. in 1771, and was gazettedcolonel in 1780. From 1781 to 1787 he lived in See also:Germany, where he attended the manoeuvres of the See also:Austrian and Prussian armies. He was appointed See also:colonel of the and See also:horse See also:grenadier See also:guards (now and See also:Life Guards) in 1782, and promoted See also:major-See also:general and appointed colonel of the See also:Coldstream Guards in 1784. He was created duke of York and See also:Albany and See also:earl of See also:Ulster in 1784, but retained the bishopric of Osnabruck until 1803. On his return to See also:England he took his seat in the See also:House of Lords, where, on See also:December 15, 1788, he opposed See also:Pitt's Regency See also:Bill in a speech which was supposed to have been inspired by the See also:prince of See also:Wales. A See also:duel fought on See also:Wimbledon See also:Common with Colonel See also:Lennox, afterwards duke of See also:Richmond, served to increase the duke of York's popularity, his See also:acceptance of the See also:challenge itself and his perfect coolness' appealing strongly to the public See also:taste. In 1791 he married Princess Frederica See also:Charlotte Ulrica Catherina (b. 1767), daughter of Frederick See also:William II. of See also:Prussia. The princess was enthusiastically received in See also:London, but the See also:marriage was not happy, and a separation soon took See also:place. The princess retired to Oatlands See also:Park, See also:Weybridge, where she died on the 6th of August 1820.

In 1793 the duke of York was sent to See also:

Flanders in command of the See also:English contingent of See also:Coburg's See also:army destined for the invasion of See also:France (see See also:FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY See also:WARS). On his return in 1795 the See also:king promoted him See also:field-See also:marshal, and on See also:April 3rd, 1798, appointed him See also:commander-in-See also:chief. His second command was with the army sent to invade See also:Holland in See also:conjunction with a See also:Russian See also:corps d'armee in 1799. See also:Sir See also:Ralph See also:Abercromby and See also:Admiral Sir See also:Charles See also:Mitchell in See also:charge of the vanguard had succeeded in capturing the Dutch See also:ships in the See also:Helder, but from See also:time of the duke's arrival with the See also:main See also:body of the army disaster,' followed disaster until, on the 17th of See also:October, the duke signed the See also:convention of See also:Alkmaar, by which the allied expedition withdrew after giving up its prisoners. Although thus unsuccessful as commander of a field army the duke was well fitted to carry out reforms in the army at See also:home, and to this task he devoted himself with the greatest vigour and success until his enforced retirement from the See also:office of commander-in-chief on the 18th of See also:March 18og, in consequence of his relations with See also:Mary See also:Ann See also:Clarke (1776-1852), who was convicted of profiting by her intimacy with the duke to See also:extract See also:money from See also:officers by promising to recommend them for promotion. A select See also:committee was appointed by the House of See also:Commons to inquire into the See also:matter, and the duke was acquitted of having received bribes himself by 278 votes to 196. Two years later, in May 1811, he was again placed at the See also:head of the army by the prince See also:regent, and rendered valuable services in this position. He died on the 5th of See also:January 1827 and was buried at St George's See also:Chapel, See also:Windsor. A See also:firm friendship seems to have existed between the duke and his See also:elder See also:brother, afterwards George IV., and he is also said to have been his father's favourite son. He was very popular, thanks to his amiable disposition and a keen love of See also:sport, but it is as the organizing and administrative head of the army that he has Ieft his See also:mark. He was untiring in his efforts to raise the See also:tone of the arrny, restore discipline, See also:weed out the undesirables, and suppress See also:bribery and favouritism. He founded the Duke of York's School for the sons of soldiers at See also:Chelsea, and his name is also commemorated by the Duke of York's See also:column in See also:Waterloo Place.

End of Article: YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)

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