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COBURG

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 614 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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COBURG , a See also:

town of See also:Germany, the twin See also:capital with See also:Gotha of the duchy of See also:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, on the See also:left See also:bank of the Itz, an affluent of the Regen, on the See also:southern slope of the See also:Frankenwald, the railway from See also:Eisenach to Lichtenfels, and 40 M. S.S.E. of Gotha. Pop. (1905) 22,489. The town is for the most See also:part See also:Head of See also:Cobra. old, and contains a number of interesting buildings. The ducal See also:palace, known as the Ehrenburg, is a magnificent See also:building, originally erected on the site of a See also:convent of See also:bare-footed friars by See also:Duke See also:John Ernest in 1549, renovated in 1698, and restored in 1816 by Duke Ernest I. It contains a vast and richly decorated See also:hall, the See also:court See also:church and a See also:fine picture See also:gallery. In the gardens are the See also:mausoleum of Duke See also:Francis (d. 18o6) and his wife, a See also:bronze equestrian statue of Duke Ernest II. and a See also:fountain in See also:commemoration of Duke See also:Alfred (duke of See also:Edinburgh). In the See also:market square are the See also:medieval Rathaus, the See also:government buildings, and a statue of See also:Prince See also:Albert (See also:consort of See also:Queen See also:Victoria), by See also:William Theed the younger (1804—1891). In the Schloss-platz are the Edinburgh Palace (Palais Edinburg), built in 1881, the See also:theatre and an equestrian statue of Duke Ernest I.

Among the churches the most remarkable is the Moritzkirche, with a lofty See also:

tower. The educational establishments include a gymnasium, founded in 1604 by Duke John Casimir (d. 1633) and thus known as the Casimirianum, a commercial, an agricultural and other 'See also:schools. The Zeughaus (armoury) contains the ducal library of roo,000 volumes, and among other public buildings may be mentioned the Augustenstift, formerly the seat of the ministerial offices, and the Marstall (royal See also:mews). On a commanding See also:eminence above the town is the See also:ancient See also:castle of Coburg, dating from the 11th See also:century (see below). In 1781 it was turned into a See also:penitentiary and lunatic See also:asylum, but in 1835—1838 was completely restored, and now contains a natural See also:history museum. The most interesting See also:room in this building is that which was occupied by See also:Luther in 1530, where the surroundings may have inspired, though (as is now proved) he did not compose, the famous hymn, Ein' feste See also:Burg ist unser Gott; the See also:bed on which he slept, and the See also:pulpit from which he preached in the old See also:chapel are shown. Coburg is a See also:place of considerable See also:industry, the See also:chief branches of the latter being See also:brewing, manufactures of machinery, See also:colours and See also:porcelain, See also:iron-See also:founding and saw-milling; and there is an important See also:trade in the See also:cattle reared in the neighbourhood. Among various places of See also:interest in the vicinity are the ducal residences of Callenberg and Rosenau, in the latter of which Albert, Prince Consort, was See also:born in 1819; the castle of Lauterburg; and the See also:village of Neuses, with the See also:house of the poet J. M. F. See also:Ruckert, who died here in 1866, and on the other See also:side of the See also:river the See also:tomb of the poet See also:Moritz See also:August von See also:Thummel (1738—1817).

The town of Coburg, first mentioned in a See also:

record of 1207, owed its existence and its name to the castle, and in the 15th and 16th centuries was of considerable importance as a halting-place on the See also:great trade route from See also:Nuremberg via See also:Bamberg to the See also:North. In 1245 the castle became the seat of the See also:elder See also:branch of the See also:counts of Henneberg (Coburg-See also:Schmalkalden). The countships of Coburg and Schmalkalden passed by the See also:marriage of Jutta, daughter of See also:Hermann I. (d. 1290), to See also:Otto V. of See also:Brandenburg, whose See also:grandson John, however, sold them to See also:Henry VIII. of Henneberg, his See also:brother-in-See also:law. Henry's daughter See also:Catherine (d. 1397) married See also:Frederick III. of See also:Meissen, and so brought the castle, town and countship into the See also:possession of the Saxon house of See also:Wettin. In 1549 Duke John Ernest of See also:Saxony made Coburg his See also:residence and turned the old castle into a for tress strong enough to stand a three years' See also:siege (1632—1635) during the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War. In 1641 Coburg See also:fell to the See also:dukes of Saxe-See also:Altenburg. In 1835 it became the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Coburg. For the princes of the house of Coburg see WETTIN and SAXE-COBURG.

End of Article: COBURG

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