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GOTHA , a See also:town of See also:Germany, alternately with See also:Coburg the See also:residence of the See also:dukes of See also:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in a pleasant situation on the Leine See also:canal, 6 m. N. of the slope of the Thuringian See also:forest, 17 M. W. from See also:Erfurt, on the railway to Bebra-See also:Cassel. Pop. (1905) 36,906. It consists of an old inner town and encircling suburbs, and is dominated by the See also:castle of Friedenstein, lying on the Schlossberg at an See also:elevation of 1100 ft. With the exception of those in the older portion of the town, the streets are See also:hand-some and spacious, and the beautiful gardens and promenades between the suburbs and the castle add greatly to the town's attractiveness. To the See also:south of the castle there is an extensive and finely adorned See also:park. To the See also:north-See also:west of the town the Galberg--on which there is a public See also:pleasure See also:garden—and to the south-west the Seeberg rise to a height of over 1300 ft. and afford extensive views. The castle of Friedenstein, begun by Ernest the Pious, See also:duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in 1643 and completed in 1654, occupies the site of the old fortress of Grimmenstein. It is a huge square See also:building flanked with two wings, having towers rising to the height of about 140 ft. It contains the ducal See also:cabinet of coins and the ducal library of nearly 200,000 volumes, among which are several rare See also:editions and about 6900 See also:manuscripts. The picture See also:gallery, the cabinet of engravings, the natural See also:history museum, the See also:Chinese museum, and the cabinet of See also:art, which includes a collection of See also:Egyptian, See also:Etruscan, See also:Roman and See also:German antiquities, are now included in the new museum, completed in 1878, which stands on a See also:terrace to the south of the castle. The See also:principal other public buildings are the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Margaret with a beautiful portal and a lofty See also:tower, founded in the 12th See also:century, twice burnt down, and rebuilt in its See also:present See also:form in 1652; the church of the Augustinian See also:convent, with an See also:altar-piece by the painter See also:Simon See also:Jacobs; the See also:theatre; the See also:fire See also:insurance See also:bank and the See also:life insurance bank; the ducal See also:palace, in the See also:Italian See also:villa See also:style, with a See also:winter garden and picture gallery; the buildings of the ducal legislature; the See also:hospital; the old town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, dating from the 11th century; the old residence of the painter See also:Lucas See also:Cranach, now used as a girls' school; the ducal See also:stable; and the Friedrichsthal palace, now used as public offices. The educational establishments include a gymnasium (founded in 1524, one of the most famous in Germany), two training See also:schools for teachers, conservatoires of See also:music and several scientific institutions. Gotha is remarkable for its insurance See also:societies and for the support it has given to See also:cremation. The crematorium was See also:long regarded as a See also:model for such establishments.
Gotha is one of the most active commercial towns of Thuringia, its manufactures including sausages, for which it has a See also:great reputation, See also:porcelain, See also:tobacco, See also:sugar, machinery, See also:mechanical and surgical See also:instruments, musical instruments, shoes, lamps and toys. There are also a number of nurseries and See also:market gardens. The See also:book See also:trade is represented by about a dozen firms, including that of the great See also:geographical See also:house of Justus See also:Perthes, founded in 1785.
Gotha (in old See also:chronicles called Gotegewe and later Gotaha) existed as a See also:village in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Charlemagne. In 930 its See also:lord Gothard See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of See also:Hersfeld surrounded it with walls. It was known as a town as See also:early as 1200, about which time it came into the See also:possession of the landgraves of Thuringia. On the extinction of that See also:line Gotha came into the possession of the See also:electors of See also:Saxony, and it See also:fell later to the Ernestine line of dukes. After the See also:battle of See also:Muhlberg in 1547 the castle of Grimmenstein was partly destroyed, but it was again restored in 1554. In 1567 the town was taken from Duke See also:John See also:Frederick by the elector See also:Augustus of Saxony. After the See also:death of John Frederick's sons, it came into the possession of Duke Ernest the Pious, the founder of the line of the dukes of Gotha; and on the extinction of this See also:family it was See also:united in 1825 along with the dukedom to Coburg.
See Gotha and See also:seine Umgebung (Gotha, 1851); Kiihne, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Entwickelung der socialen Zustande der Stadt and See also:des Herzogtums Gotha (Gotha, 1862); See also:Humbert, See also:Les Villes de la Thuringe (See also:Paris, 1869), and See also:Beck, Geschichte der Stadt Gotha (Gotha, 1870).
End of Article: GOTHA
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