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See also:CASSEL, or KASSEL , a See also:city of See also:Germany, See also:capital of the former electorate of See also:Hesse-Cassel, and, since its See also:annexation by See also:Prussia in 1866, capital of the See also:province of Hesse-See also:Nassau. Pop. (1$x85) 64,083; (1905) 120,446. It is pleasantly situated, in a hilly and well-wooded See also:country, on both sides of the See also:river See also:Fulda, over which a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:bridge leads to the See also:lower new See also:town, 124 M. by See also:rail N.N.E. from See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Main. The river is navigable for See also:barges, and See also:railways connect the town with all parts of Germany. The streets of the old town are narrow and crooked, and contain many picturesque gabled houses, generally of the 17th See also:century, but those of the upper and lower new town; and the three suburbs, are not surpassed by any in Germany. The See also:principal streets are the Konigs-strasse (51oo ft. See also:long and 6o broad), the Schone Aussicht, and the Stande-platy (18o ft. broad with four rows of See also:linden trees). The large Friedrichs-platz is See also:rood by 450 ft. in See also:area. In it stands a See also:marble statue of the See also:landgrave See also:Frederick II. There is a See also:fine view from the open See also:side. The former See also:residence of the See also:electors (Residenzschloss) fronts this square, as well as the Museum Fridericianum, with a See also:facade of See also:Roman-Ionic columns. The museum contains various valuable collections of curiosities, interesting mosaics, coins, casts, a library of 230,000 volumes, and valuable See also:manuscripts. In the See also:cabinet of curiosities there is a See also:complete collection of clocks and watches from the earliest to the See also:present See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. Among these is the so-called See also:Egg of See also:Nuremberg, a See also:watch made about 15oo by See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Henlein. Among other public places and buildings worthy of See also:notice are the Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, with a splendid interior; the Konigs-platz, with a remarkable See also:echo; the Karls-platz, with the statue of the landgrave See also:Charles; and the Martins-platz, with a large church—St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin's—with twin towers, containing the See also:burial-vaults of the See also:Hessian princes. The See also:gallery of paintings, housed in a handsome See also:building erected in 188o on the Schone Aussicht, contains one of the finest small collections in See also:Europe, especially See also:rich in the See also:works of See also:Rembrandt, Frans See also:Hals and See also:Van Dyck.
The town contains numerous educational institutions, including a technical See also:college, a school of See also:painting, a celebrated classical school, which the See also:emperor See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William II. attended, and a military See also:academy. The descendants of the See also:French refugees who founded the upper new town have a church and See also:hospital of their own. There are three Roman Catholic churches, an See also:English church, and two synagogues. See also:Music is much cultivated, and there is an See also:opera with a first-See also:rate See also:orchestra, of which See also:Ludwig See also:Spohr was at one time conductor. The opera-See also:house or See also:theatre was built
by See also:Jerome See also:Napoleon, but in 1906 See also:money was voted for a new building on the Auetor: A new Rathaus (town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall) has been erected. There are also the Bose Museum, containing collections of pictures and antiquities of Hessian origin, museums of natural See also:history and ethnography, an See also:industrial See also:exhibition hall, and an industrial See also:art school. A handsome See also:Gothic Lutheran church was erected in 1892–1897, a See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office (See also:Renaissance) in 1881, and new administrative offices and See also:law courts in 1876-1880. The municipal (or Murhard) library, in the See also:Hanau See also:park, contains 118,000 volumes. The most noticeable of the See also:modern public monuments are those to the emperor William I. (1898), to the musician Spohr (1883), and the Lowenbrunnen (1881). In the Karlsaue, a favourite public See also:promenade lying just below the Schone Aussicht, are the Orangerie and the marble See also:baths. Cassel is the headquarters of the XI. See also:German See also:army See also:corps, and has a large See also:garrison. It is a favourite residence for foreigners and retired See also:officers and See also:government officials. The See also:industries embrace See also:engine-building, the manufacture of railway carriages and plant, scientific See also:instruments, See also:porcelain, See also:tobacco and cigars, See also:lithography, jute-See also:spinning, See also:iron-See also:founding, See also:brewing and gardening.
On a slope of the Habichtswald Mountains, 3 M. W. of Cassel, and approached by an See also:avenue, is the summer See also:palace of Wilhelmshohe, erected in 1787–1794. Napoleon III. resided here, as a prisoner of See also:war, after the See also:battle of See also:Sedan. The surrounding gardens are adorned with fountains, cascades, lakes and grottos, the principal See also:fountain sending up a See also:jet of See also:water 18o ft. high and 12 in. in See also:diameter. Here also is an interesting building called the Lowenburg, erected in 1793–1796 in the See also:style of a fortified See also:castle, and containing among other things portraits of Tudors and Stuarts. The principal curiosity is the Karlsburg cascade, which is placed in a broad See also:ravine, thickly wooded on both sides. A See also:staircase of 900 steps leads to the See also:top. On one of the landings is a huge rudely-carved stone figure of the See also:giant Enceladus, and at the top is an octagon building called the Riesenschloss, surmounted by a See also:colossal See also:copper figure of the See also:Farnese See also:Hercules, 31 ft. high, whose See also:club alone is sufficiently capacious to accommodate from eight to ten persons. In different parts of the park, and especially from the Octagon, charming views are obtained. The park was first formed by the landgrave Frederick II., the See also:husband of See also:Mary, daughter of See also:George II. of See also:England, and was finished by his successor the landgrave William, after whom it was named.
The earliest mention of Cassel is in 913, when it is referred to as Cassala. The town passed from the landgraves of Thuringia to the landgraves of Hesse in the 13th century, becoming one of the principal residences of the latter house in the 15th century. The burghers accepted the reformed doctrines in 1527. The fortifications of the town were restored by the landgrave See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip the Magnanimous and his son William IV. during the 16th century, and it was greatly improved by the landgrave Charles (1654–1730), who welcomed many See also:Huguenots who founded the upper new town. In 1762 Cassel was captured by the Germans from the French; after this the fortifications were dismantled and New Cassel was laid out by the landgrave Frederick II. In 1807 it became the capital of the See also:kingdom of See also:Westphalia; in 1813 it was bombarded and captured by ,the See also:Russian See also:general Chernichev; in 1830, 1831 and 1848 it was the See also:scene of violent commotions; from 1850 to 1851 it was occupied by the Prussians, the Bavarians and the Austrians; in 1866 it was occupied by the Prussians, and in 1867 was made the capital of the newly.formed Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau.
See Piderit, Geschichte der See also:Haupt- and Residenzstadt Kassel (Kassel, 1882) ; Fr.
End of Article: CASSEL, or KASSEL
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