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PETER , " the Cruel," See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Castile (1333-1369), son of See also:Alphonso XI. and Maria, daughter of Alphonso IV. of See also:Portugal, was See also:born in 1333. He earned for himself the reputation of monstrous See also:cruelty which is indicatd by the accepted See also:title. In later ages, when the royal authority was thoroughly established, there was a reaction in Peter's favour, and an alternative name was found for him. It became a See also:fashion to speak of him as El Jusliciero, the executor of See also:justice. Apologists were found to say that he had only killed men who themselves would not submit to the See also:law or respect the rights of others. There is this amount of See also:foundation for the plea, that the chronicler See also:Lopez de See also:Ayala, who fought against him, has confessed that theking's fall was regretted by the merchants and traders, who enjoyed See also:security under his See also:rule. Peter began to reign at the See also:age of sixteen, and found himself subjected to the See also:control of his See also:mother and her favourites. He was immoral, and unfaithful to his wife, as his See also:father had been. But Alphonso XI. did not imprison his wife, or cause her to be murdered. Peter certainly did the first, and there can be little doubt that he did the second. He had not even the excuse that he was passionately in love with his See also:mistress, Maria de See also:Padilla; for, at a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when he asserted that he was married to her, and when he was undoubtedly married to See also:Blanche of See also:Bourbon, he went through the See also:form of See also:marriage with a See also:lady of the See also:family of See also:Castro, who See also:bore him a son, and then deserted her. Maria de Padilla was only the one lady of his See also:harem of whom he never became quite tired. At first he was controlled by his mother, but emancipated himself with the encouragement of the See also:minister See also:Albuquerque and became attached to Maria de Padilla. Maria turned him against Albuquerque. In 1354 the king was practically coerced by his mother and the nobles into marrying Blanche of Bourbon, but deserted her at once. A See also:period of turmoil followed in which the king was for a time overpowered and in effect imprisoned. The dissensions of the party which was striving to coerce him enabled him to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from See also:Toro, where he was under observation, to See also:Segovia. From 1356 to 1366 he was See also:master, and was engaged in continual See also:wars with See also:Aragon, in which he showed neither ability nor daring. It was during this period that he perpetrated the See also:series of murders which made him odious. He confided in nobody See also:save the See also:Jews, who were his tax-gatherers, or the See also:Mahommedan guard he had about him. The profound hatred of the Christians for the Jews and Mudejares, or Mahommedans settled among them, See also:dates from the years in which they were the agents of his unbridled tyranny. In 1366 he was assailed by his See also:bastard See also:brother See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry of Trastamara at the See also:head of a See also:host of soldiers of See also:fortune, and fled the See also:kingdom without daring to give See also:battle. Almost his last See also:act in See also:Spain was to See also:murder Suero, the See also:archbishop of See also:Santiago, and the See also:dean, Peralvarez. Peter now took See also:refuge with the See also:Black See also:Prince, by whom he was restored in the following See also:year. But he disgusted his ally by his faithlessness and ferocity. The See also:health of the Black Prince See also:broke down, and he See also:left Spain. When thrown on his own resources, Peter was soon overthrown by his brother Henry, with the aid of See also:Bertrand du Guesclin and a See also:body of See also:French See also:free companions. He was murdered by Henry in du Guesclin's See also:tent on the 23rd of See also:March 1369. His daughters by Maria de Padilla, See also:Constance and See also:Isabella, were respectively married to See also:John of Gaunt, and See also:Edmund, See also:duke of See also:York, sons of See also:Edward III., king of See also:England.
The See also:great See also:original but hostile authority for the See also:life of Peter the Cruel is the See also:Chronicle of the See also:Chancellor Pero Lopez de Ayala (See also:Madrid .1779–1780). A brilliantly written Life is that by Prosper M6rim6e, Hist. de See also:Don Padre I., roi de Castille (See also:Paris, 1848). (D.
End of Article: PETER
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