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CONSTANCE ,
See also:convent, on an See also:island See also:east of the See also:town, is now turned into a hotel, but the buildings (especially the cloisters) are well pre-served. The 14th See also:century Kaufhaus (warehouse for goods) was the See also:scene of the See also:conclave that elected See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin V., but the See also:council really sat in the See also:cathedral See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. The town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall See also:dates from 1592, and has many points of See also:interest. In the See also:market-See also:place, See also:side by side, are two houses wherein two important See also:historical events are said to have taken place—in the " Gasthaus zum See also:Barbarossa " See also:Frederick Barbarossa signed the See also:peace of Constance (1183), while in the See also:house named " zum Hohen Hafen " the See also:emperor See also:Sigismund invested Frederick of See also:Hohenzollern with the See also:mark of See also:Brandenburg (1417). On the outskirts of the town, to the See also:west, in the Brtihl suburb, a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone marks the spot where Hus and See also:Jerome of See also:Prague were burnt to See also:death. The Rosgarten museum contains various interesting collections. Constance is the centre of a brisk transit See also:trade, while it has various factories and other See also:industrial establishments.
Constance owes its fame, not to the See also:Roman station that existed here, but to the fact that it was a See also:bishop's see from the 6th century (when it was transferred hither from Vindonissa, near Brugg, in the See also:Aargau) till its suppression in 1821, after having been secularized in 1803 and having lost, in 1814–1815, its Swiss portions. The bishop was a See also:prince of the See also:Holy Roman See also:Empire, while his See also:diocese was one of the largest in See also:Germany, including (shortly before the See also:Reformation) most of See also:Baden and See also:Wurttemberg, and 12 out of the 22 Swiss cantons (all the region on the right See also:bank of the See also:Aar, See also:save the portions included in the diocese of See also:Coire)—in it were comprised 350 monasteries, 176o benefices and 17,000 priests. It was owing to this important position that the see See also:city of the diocese was selected as the scene of the See also:great reforming council, 1414–1418 (see below), which deposed all three See also:rival popes, elected a new one, Martin V., and condemned to death by See also:fire See also:John See also:Huss (6th of See also:July 1415) and Jerome of Prague (23rd of May 1416). In 1192 (some writers say in 1255) the city became an imperial See also:free city, but the bishop and his See also:chapter practically ruled it till the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Reformation. Constance is the natural See also:capital of the See also:Thurgau, so that when in 146o the Swiss wrested that region from the Austrians, the town and the Swiss See also:Confederation should have been naturally See also:drawn together. But Constance refused to give up to the Swiss the right of exercising criminal See also:jurisdiction in the Thurgau, which it had obtained from the emperor in 1417, while the Austrians, having bought See also:Bregenz (in two parts, 1451 and 1523), were very desirous of securing the well-placed city for themselves. In 1530 Constance (whose bishop had been forced to flee in 1527 to Meersburg, on the other side of the See also:lake, and from that time the episcopal See also:residence) joined, with See also:Strassburg, See also:Memmingen and See also:Lindau, the See also:Schmalkalden See also:League. But after the great defeat of the Protestants in 1547, in the See also:battle of Mtihlberg, the city found itself quite isolated in See also:southern Germany. The Austrians had See also:long tried to obtain See also:influence in the town, especially when its support of the See also:Protestant cause attracted the sympathy of the Swiss. Hence See also:Charles V. lost no time, and in 1548 forced it, after a bloody, though unsuccessful, fight on the See also:bridge over the See also:Rhine, not merely to surrender to the imperial authority and to receive the bishop again, but also to consent to See also:annexation to the See also:Austrian See also:family dominions. Protestantism was then vigorously stamped out. In 1633 Constance resisted successfully an See also:attempt of the Swedes to take it, and, in 18o5, by the treaty of See also:Pressburg, was handed over by See also:Austria to Baden.
See S. J. Capper, The Shores and Cities of the Bodensee (See also:London, ,881); G. Gsell-Fels, Der Bodensee (See also:Munich, 1893); See also:Bruckmann's illustrierte Reisefuhrer; E. Issel, See also:Die Reformation in Konstanz (See also:Freiburg i/B., 1898) ; F. X. Kraus, Die Kunstdenkmaler See also:des Kreises Konstanz (Freiburg i/B., 1887) ; J. Laible, Geschichte der Stadt Konstanz (Konstanz, 1896) ; A. See also:Maurer, Der Ubergang der Stadt Konstanz an das Haus Osterreich (See also:Frauenfeld, 1904). (W. A. B.
End of Article: CONSTANCE
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