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PAINTING

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 460 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PAINTING , in See also:

art, the See also:action of laying See also:colour on a See also:surface, or the representing of See also:objects by the laying of colour on a surface. It is with painting in the last sense, considered as one of the See also:fine arts, that this See also:article deals. In the first sense, in so far as painting is a See also:part of the builder's and decorator's See also:trade it is treated above under the heading PAINTER-See also:WORK. The verb " to paint " is derived through Fr. peindre (peint, the past participle, was possibly the earliest part adopted, as is suggested in the New See also:English See also:Dictionary), from See also:Lat. pingere, to paint. From the past participle pictus comes pictura, picture, and from the See also:root See also:pig, pigment. The ultimate meaning of the root is probably to decorate, adorn, and is seen in Gr. sroo 4Xos, many-coloured, variegated. In Part I. of this article, after a brief See also:notice of the See also:general See also:character of the art and an See also:account of its earliest manifestations, a See also:sketch is given of the course of its development from the See also:ancient See also:Egyptian See also:period to See also:modern times. (An account, by countries, of See also:recent See also:schools of painting will be found as an appendix at the end of Part III.) The point of view chosen is that of the relation of painting to nature, and it is shown how the art, beginning with the delineation of See also:contour, passes on through stages when the effort is to render the truth of solid See also:form, to the final period when, in the 17th See also:century, the presentment of space, or nature in all her extent and variety, becomes the subject of See also:representation. Certain See also:special forms of painting characteristic of modern times, such as See also:portraiture, genre painting, landscape, still-See also:life, &c., are briefly discussed. Part II. consists in tables of names and See also:dates intended to afford a conspectus of the different See also:historical schools of painting from the 12th century A.D. downwards. Part III. is devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the different technical processes of painting in See also:vogue in ancient and modern times. For the See also:Italian schools of painting may be consulted: See also:Crowe and Cavalcaselle, See also:History of Painting in See also:Italy (2nd ed., See also:London, 1902, &c.).

The See also:

original edition was published in London under the titles History of Painting in Italy (3 vols., 1864–1866), and History of Painting in See also:North Italy (2 vols., 1871), Venturi, Storia dell' erte italiana (See also:Milan, 1901, &c.). For the See also:German: Janitschek, Geschichte der deutschen Malerei (See also:Berlin, 189o). For the See also:Early Flemish : Crowe and Cavalcaselle, The Early Flemish Painters (2nd ed., London, 1872) ; Wurzbach, Niederldndisches Kiinstler-See also:Lexicon (See also:Vienna and See also:Leipzig, 1906, &c.); Weale, See also:Hubert and See also:John See also:van See also:Eyck (London, 1907). For the Dutch : Wurzbach ; See also:Bode, Studien zur Geschichte der Holldndischen Malerei (Braunschweig, 1883) and See also:Rembrandt and See also:seine Zeitgenossen (Leipzig, 1906) ; Havard, The Dutch School of °ainting (trans., London, 1885). For the See also:French: See also:Lady See also:Dilke, French Painters of the Eighteenth Century (London, 1899) ; D. C. See also:Thomson, The See also:Barbizon School. For the English : See also:Redgrave, A Century of Painters of the English School (London, 189o). For the Scottish: W. D. McKay, R.S.A., The Scottish School of Painting (London, 1906). For the See also:American : J.

C. Van Dyke (ed.), History of American Art (New See also:

York, 1903, &c.) ; S. Isham, A History of American Painting (N. Y., 1905). The modern schools generally are treated fully, with copious See also:bibliographical references, by See also:Richard Muther, The History of Modern Painting (2nd ed., Eng. trans., London, 1907).

End of Article: PAINTING

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