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See also:THOMSON, See also:SIR See also:CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882) , Scottish naturalist, was See also:born at Bonsyde, See also:Linlithgowshire, on the 5th of See also:March 183o, and was educated at See also:Edinburgh University. In 185o he was appointed lecturer in, and in 1851 See also:professor of, See also:botany at See also:Aberdeen, and in 1853 he became professor of natural See also:history in See also:Queen's See also:College, See also:Cork. A See also:year later he was nominated to the See also:chair of See also:mineralogy and See also:geology at Queen's College, See also:Belfast, and in 186o was transferred to the chair of natural history in the same institution. In 1868 he assumed the duties of professor of botany at the Royal College of See also:Science, See also:Dublin, and finally in 187o he received the natural history chair at Edinburgh. He will be specially remembered as a student of the biological conditions of the depths of the See also:sea. Being interested in crinoids, and stimulated by the results of the dredgings of See also:Michael Saes (ISo5–1869) in the deep sea off the See also:Norwegian coasts, he succeeded, along with Dr W. B. See also:Carpenter, in obtaining the See also:loan of H.M.S. " See also:Lightning " and " See also:Porcupine," for successive deep-sea dredging expeditions in the summers of 1868 and 1869. It was thus shown that See also:animal See also:life exists in abundance down to depths of 65o fathoms, that all invertebrate See also:groups are represented (largely by See also:Tertiary forms previously believed to be See also:extinct), and, moreover, that deep-sea temperatures are by no means so See also:constant as was supposed, but vary considerably, and indicate an oceanic circulation. The results of these expeditions were described in The Depths of the Sea, which he published in 1873. The remarkable results gained for See also:hydrography as well as See also:zoology, in association with the See also:practical needs of ocean telegraphy, soon led to the granting of H.M.S. " Challenger" for a circumnavigating expedition, and Thomson sailed at the end of 1872 as director of the scientific See also:staff, the cruise lasting three years and a See also:half (see CHALLENGER EXPEDITION). On his return he received many See also:academic honours, and was knighted. In 1877 he published two volumes (The Voyage of the Challenger in the See also:Atlantic), of a preliminary See also:account of the results of the voyage, meanwhile carrying on his administrative labours in connexion with the disposition of the See also:special collections and the publication of the monographs dealing with them. His See also:health. never robust, was meanwhile giving way; from 1879 he ceased to perform the duties of his chair; and he died at Bonsyde on the loth of March 1882.
See obituary See also:notice in Proc. See also:Soc. Edin. (1883); also Thomson and See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray, Reports of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger" (Edinburgh. 1885).
End of Article: THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
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