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See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
MURRAY, See also:LORD See also:GEORGE (1694–1760) , Scottish Jacobite See also:general, fifth son of See also:John, See also:rat See also:duke of See also:Atholl; by his first wife, See also:Catherine, daughter of the 3rd duke of See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, was See also:born at Huntingtower, near See also:Perth, on the 4th of See also:October 1694. He joined the See also:army in See also:Flanders in See also:June 1712; in 1715, contrary to their See also:father's wishes, he and his See also:brothers, the See also:marquis of Tullibardine and Lord See also:Charles Murray, joined the Jacobite rebels under the See also:earl of See also:Mar, each See also:brother commanding a See also:regiment of men of Atholl. Lord Charles was taken prisoner at See also:Preston, but after the collapseof the rising Lord George escaped with Tullibardine to See also:South See also:Uist, and thence to See also:France. In 1719 Murray took See also:part in the Jacobite See also:attempt in See also:conjunction with the Spaniards in the western See also:highlands, under the command of Tullibardine and the earl marischal, which terminated in "the affair of Glenshiel " on the loth of June, when he was wounded while commanding the right wing of the See also:Jacobites. After hiding for some months in the highlands he reached See also:Rotterdam in May 1720. There is no See also:evidence for the statement that Murray served in the Sardinian army, and little is known of hislife on the See also:continent till 1724, when he returned to See also:Scotland, where in the following See also:year he was granted a See also:pardon. The duke of Atholl died in 1724 and was succeeded in the See also:title by his second son See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, owing to the See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder of Tullibardine; and Lord George leased from his brother the old See also:family See also:property of Tullibardine in Strathearn, where he lived till 1745.
On the See also:eve of the Jacobite rising of 1745 the duke of Perth made overtures to Lord George Murray on behalf of the Pretender; but even after the landing of Charles See also:Edward in Scotland in See also:July, accompanied by Tullibardine, Murray's attitude remained doubtful. He accompanied his brother the duke to See also:Crieff on the 21st of See also:August to pay his respects to See also:Sir John See also:Cope, the See also:commander of the See also:government troops, and he permitted the duke to appoint him See also:deputy-See also:sheriff of See also:Perthshire. It has been suggested that Murray acted with duplicity, but his hesitation was natural and genuine; and it was not till See also:early in See also:September, when Charles Edward was at See also:Blair See also:Castle, which had been vacated by the duke of Atholl on the See also:prince's approach, that Murray decided to espouse the See also:Stuart cause. He then wrote to his brother explaining that he did so for conscientious reasons, while realizing the See also:risk of ruin it involved. On joining the Jacobite army Lord George received a See also:commission as See also:lieutenant-general, though the prince ostentatiously treated him with want of confidence; and he was flouted by the Irish adventurers who were the Pretender's trusted advisers. At Perth Lord George exerted himself with success to introduce discipline and organization in the army he was to command, and he gained the confidence of the highland levies, with whose habits and methods of fighting he was See also:familiar. • He also used his See also:influence to prevent .the exactions and arbitrary interference with See also:civil rights which Charles was too ready to See also:sanction on the See also:advice of others. At See also:Prestonpans, on the 21st of September, Lord George, who led the Jacobite See also:left wing in See also:person, was practically commander-in-See also:chief, and it was to his able generalship that the victory was mainly due. During the six See also:weeks' occupation of See also:Edinburgh he did useful See also:work in the further organization and disciplining of the army. He opposed Charles's See also:plan of invading See also:England, and when his See also:judgment was overruled he prevailed on the prince to See also:march into See also:Cumberland, which he knew to be favourable ground for highlander See also:tactics, instead of advancing against General See also:Wade, whose army was posted at See also:Newcastle. He conducted the See also:siege of See also:Carlisle, but on the surrender of the See also:town on the 14th of See also:November he resigned his command on the ground that his authority had been insufficiently upheld by the prince, and he obtained permission to serve as a volunteer in the ranks of the Atholl levies. The dissatisfaction, however, of the army with the See also:appointment of the duke of Perth to succeed him compelled Charles to reinstate Murray, who accordingly commanded the Jacobites in the march to See also:Derby. Here on the 5th of See also:December a See also:council was held at which Murray urged the See also:necessity for See also:retreat, owing to the failure of the See also:English Jacobites to support the invasion and the See also:absence of aid from France. As Murray was supported by the council the retreat was ordered, to the intense chagrin of Charles, who never forgave him; but the failure of the enterprise was mainly chargeable to Charles himself, and it was not without See also:justice that Murray's aide de See also:camp, the See also:chevalier See also:Johnstone, declared that " had Prince Charles slept during the whole of the expedition, and allowed Lord George Murray to See also:act for him according to his own judgment, he would have found the See also:crown of See also:Great See also:Britain on his See also:head when he awoke.' Lord George commanded the See also:rear-guard during the retreat; and this task, rendered doubly dangerous by the proximity of Cumberland in the rear and Wade on the flank, was made still more difficult by the incapacity and petulance of the Pretender. By a skilfully fought rear-guard See also:action at See also:Clifton See also:Moor, Lord George enabled the army to reach Carlisle safely and without loss of stores or See also:war material; and on the 3rd of See also:January 1746 the force entered See also:Stirling, where they were joined by reinforcements from Perth. The prince laid siege to Stirling Castle, while Murray defeated General See also:Hawley near See also:Falkirk; but the losses of the Jacobites by sickness and See also:desertion, and the approach of Cumberland, made retreat
to the Highlands an immediate necessity, in which the prince was compelled to acquiesce; his resentment was such that he gave See also:ear to groundless suggestions that Murray was a traitor, which the latter's failure to See also:capture his brother's stronghold of Blair Castle did nothing to refute.
In See also:April 1746 the Jacobite army was in the neighbourhood of See also:Inverness, and the prince decided to give See also:battle to the duke of Cumberland. Charles took up a position on the left See also:bank of the See also:Nairn See also:river at See also:Culloden Moor, rejecting Lord George's Murray advice to select a much stronger position on the opposite bank. The battle of Culloden, where the Stuart cause was ruined, was fought on the 16th of April 1746. On the following See also:day the duke of Cumberland intimated to his troops that " the public orders of the rebels yesterday was to give us no See also:quarter "; Hanoverian See also:news-sheets printed what purported to be copies of such an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, and the historian James See also:Ray and other See also:con-temporary writers gave further currency to a calumny that has been repeated by See also:modern authorities. See also:Original copies of Lord George Murray's " orders at Culloden " are in existence, one of which is among Cumberland's own papers, while another was in the See also:possession of Lord See also:Hardwicke, the See also:judge who tried the Jacobite peers in 1746, and they contain no See also:injunction to refuse quarter. After the defeat Murray conducted a remnant of the Jacobite army to See also:Ruthven, and prepared to organize further resistance. Prince Charles, however, had determined to abandon the enterprise, and at Ruthven Lord George received an order dismissing him from the prince's service, to which he replied in a See also:letter upbraiding Charles for his distrust and mismanagement. Charles's belief in the general's treachery was shared by several leading Jacobites, but there appears no ground for the suspicion. From the moment he threw in his See also:lot with the exiled prince's cause Lord George Murray never deviated in his See also:loyalty and devotion, and his generalship was deserving of the highest praise; but the discipline he enforced and See also:jealousy of his authority made enemies of some of those to whom Charles was more inclined to listen than .to the general who gave him See also:sound but unwelcome advice.
Murray escaped to the continent in December 1746, and was graciously received in See also:Rome by the Old Pretender, who granted him a See also:pension; but in the following year when he went to See also:Paris Charles Edward refused to see him. Lord George lived at various places abroad until his See also:death, which occurred at Medem-
blik in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland on the 11th of October 176o. He married
in 1728 Amelia, daughter and heiress of James Murray of
Strowan and Glencarse, by whom he had three sons and two daughters. His eldest son John became 3rd duke of Atholl in 1764; the two younger sons became lieutenant-general and See also:vice-See also:admiral respectively in the See also:British service.
See A Military See also:History of Perthshire, ed. by the marchioness of Tullibardine (2 vols., See also:London, 1908), containing a memoir of Lord George Murray and a facsimile copy of his orders at Culloden; The Atholl See also:Chronicles, ed. by the duke of Atholl (privately printed) ; The Chevalier James de Johnstone, See also:Memoirs of the See also:Rebellion in 1745 (3rd ed., London, 1822) ; James Ray, Compleat Historie of the See also:Rebel-See also:lion, 1745—1746 (London, 1754); See also:Robert See also:Patten, History of the See also:late Rebellion (2nd ed., London, 1717) ; Memoirs of Sir John Murray of See also:Broughton, ed. by R. F. See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell (Edinburgh, 1898) ; See also:Andrew See also:Henderson, History of the Rebellion, 1745–1746 (2nd ed., London, 1748).
(R. J.
End of Article: MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
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