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MARQUIS DE
his See also:friends from proposing him for the mayoralty of See also:Paris in opposition to Potion.
When, in See also:December 1791, three armies were formed on the western frontier to attack See also:Austria, La Fayette was placed in command of one of them. But events moved faster than La Fayette's moderate and humane republicanism, and seeing that the lives of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king and See also:queen were each See also:day more and more in danger, he definitely opposed himself to the further advance of the Jacobin party, intending eventually to use his See also:army for the restoration of a limited See also:monarchy. On the 19th of See also:August 1792 the See also:Assembly declared him a traitor. He was compelled to take See also:refuge in the neutral territory of See also:Liege, whence as one of the See also:prime See also:movers in the Revolution he was taken and held as a prisoner of See also:state for five years, first in Prussian and afterwards in See also:Austrian prisons, in spite of the intercession of See also:America and the pleadings of his wife. See also:Napoleon, however, though he had a See also:low See also:opinion of his capacities, stipulated in the treaty of Campo Formio (1797) for La Fayette's See also:release. He was not allowed to return to See also:France by the See also:Directory. He returned in 1799; in 1802 voted against the See also:life consulate of Napoleon; and in 1804 he voted against the imperial See also:title. He lived in retirement during the First See also:Empire, but returned to public affairs under the First Restoration and took some See also:part in the See also:political events of the See also:Hundred Days. From 1818 to 1824 he was See also:deputy for the See also:Sarthe, speaking and voting always on the Liberal See also:side, and even becoming a carbonaro. He then revisited America (See also:July 1824–See also:September 1825) where he was overwhelmed with popular See also:applause and voted the sum of $200,000 and a township of See also:land. From 1825 to his See also:death he sat in the Chamber of Deputies for See also:Meaux. During the revolution of 1830 he again took command of the See also:National Guard and pursued the same See also:line of conduct, with equal want of success, as in the first revolution. In 1834 he made his last speech—on behalf of See also:Polish political refugees. He died at Paris on the loth of May 1834. In 1876 in the See also:city of New See also:York a See also:monument was erected to him, and in 1883 another was erected at See also:Puy.
Few men have owed more of their success and usefulness to their See also:family See also:rank than La Fayette, and still fewer have abused it less. He never achieved distinction in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field, and his political career proved him to be incapable of ruling a See also:great national See also:movement; but he had strong convictions which always impelled him to study the interests of humanity, and a pertinacity in maintaining them, which, in all the See also:strange vicissitudes of his eventful life, secured him a very unusual measure of public respect. No See also:citizen of a See also:foreign See also:country has ever had so many and such warm admirers in America, nor does any states-See also:man in France appear to have ever possessed uninterruptedly for so many years so large a measure of popular See also:influence and respect. He had what See also:Jefferson called a " canine appetite " for popularity and fame, but in him the appetite only seemed to make him more anxious to merit the fame which he enjoyed. He was brave to rashness; and he never shrank from danger or responsibility if he saw the way open to spare life or suffering, to protect the defenceless, to sustain the See also:law and preserve See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order.
His son, GEORGES See also:WASHINGTON MOTIER DE LA FAYETTE (1779–1849), entered the army and was aide-de-See also:camp to See also:General See also:Grouchy through the Austrian, Prussian and Polish (1805–07) See also:campaigns. Napoleon's distrust of his See also:father rendering promotion improbable, Georges de La Fayette retired into private life in 1807 until the Restoration, when he entered the Chamber of Representatives and voted consistently on the Liberal side. He was away from Paris during the revolution of July 183o, but he took an active part in the " See also:campaign of the banquets," which led up to that of 1848. He died in December of the next See also:year. His son, OSCAR See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
GILBERT MOTIER DE LA FAYETTE (1815-1881), was educated at the Ecole Polytechnique, and served as an See also:artillery officer in See also:Algeria. He entered the Chamber of Representatives in 1846 and voted, like his father, with the extreme See also:Left. After the revolution of 1848 he received a See also:post in the provisional See also:government, and as a member of the Constituent Assembly he became secretary of the See also:war See also:committee. After the See also:dissolution of the Legislative Assembly in 1851; he retired from public life, but emerged on the See also:establishment of
the third See also:republic, becoming a life senator in 1875. His See also:brother EDMOND MOTIER DE LA FAYETTE (1818–189o) shared his political opinions. He was one of the secretaries of the Constituent Assembly, and a member of the See also:senate from 1876 to 1888.
See Memoires historiques et pieces authentiques sur M. de La Fayette pour servir a l'histoire See also:des revolutions (Paris, An II., 1793–1794) ; B. Sarrans, La Fayette et la Revolution de 1830, histoire des chores et des hommes de Juillet (Paris, 1834) ; Memoires, correspondances et manuscrits de La Fayette, published by his family (6 vols., Paris, 1837–1838) ; See also:Regnault Warin, Memoires pour servir a la See also:vie du general La Fayette (Paris, 1824) ; A. See also:Bardoux, La jeunesse de La Fayette (Paris, 1892); See also:Les Dernieres annees de La Fayette (Paris, 1893) ; E. Charavaray, Le General La Fayette (Paris, 1895) ; A. See also:Levasseur, La Fayette en Amerique 1824 (Paris, 1829) ; J.
See also:Cloquet, Souvenirs de la vie privee du general La Fayette (Paris, 1836) ; Max Budinger, La Fayette in Oesterreich (See also:Vienna, 1898); and M. M. See also:Crawford, The Wife of See also:Lafayette (1908); See also:Bayard Tuckerman, Life of Lafayette (New York, 1889) ; See also:Charlemagne See also:Tower, The Marquis de La Fayette in the See also:American Revolution (See also:Philadelphia, 1895).
LA FAYETTE, See also:MARIE-MADELEINE PIOCHE DE LA VERGNE, COMTESSE DE (1634—1692), See also:French novelist, was baptized in Paris, on the 18th of See also:March 1634. Her father, Marc Pioche de la Vergne, commandant of See also:Havre, died when she was sixteen, and her See also:mother seems to have been more occupied with her own than her daughter's interests. Mme de la Vergne married in 1651 the See also:chevalier de See also:Sevigne, and Marie thus became connected with Mme de Sevigne, who was destined to be a lifelong friend. She studied See also:Greek, Latin and See also:Italian, and in-spired in one of her tutors, Gilles de See also:Menage, an enthusiastic admiration which he expressed in See also:verse in three or four See also:languages. Marie married in 16J5 See also:Francois Motier, See also:comte de La Fayette. They lived on the See also:count's estates in See also:Auvergne, according to her own See also:account (in a See also:letter to Menage) quite happily; but after the See also:birth of her two sons her See also:husband disappeared so effectually that it was See also:long supposed that he died about 166o, though he really lived until 1683. Mme de La Fayette had returned to Paris, and about 1665 contracted an intimacy with the duc de la Rochefoucauld, then engaged on his Maximes. The constancy and See also:affection that marked this liaison on both sides justified it in the eyes of society, and when in 168o La Rochefoucauld died Mme de La Fayette received the sincerest sympathy. Her first novel, La Princesse de Mont pensier, was published anonymously in 1662; Zayde appeared in 167o under the name of J. R. de Segrais; and in 1678 her masterpiece, La Princesse de See also:Cleves, also under the name of Segrais. The See also:history of the See also:modern novel of sentiment begins with the Princesse de Cleves. The interminable pages of Mlle de See also:Scudery with the Precieuses and their admirers masquerading as Persians or See also:ancient See also:Romans had already been discredited by the burlesques of See also:Paul See also:Scarron and See also:Antoine Furetiere. It remained for Mme de La Fayette to achieve the more difficult task of substituting something more satisfactory than the disconnected episodes of the See also:roman comique. This she accomplished in a See also:story offering in its shortness and simplicity a See also:complete contrast to the extravagant and lengthy romances of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. The See also:interest of the story depends not on incident but on the characters of the personages. They See also:act in a perfectly reasonable way and their motives are analysed with the finest discrimination. No doubt the semi-autobiographical See also:character of the material partially explains Mme de La Fayette's refusal to acknowledge the See also:book. See also:Con-temporary critics, even Mme de Sevigne amongst them, found See also:fault with the avowal made by Mme de Cleves to her husband. In See also:answer to these criticisms, which her anonymity prevented her from answering directly, Mme de La Fayette wrote her last novel, the Comtesse de Tende.
The character of her See also:work and her history have combined to give an impression of See also:melancholy and sweetness that only represents one side of her character, for a See also:correspondence brought to See also:light comparatively recently showed her as the acute See also:diplomatic See also:agent of Jeanne de See also:Nemours, duchess of See also:Savoy, at the See also:court of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. She had from her See also:early days also been intimate with Henrietta of See also:England, duchess of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, under whose immediate direction she wrote her Histoire de Madame Henriette d'Angleterre, which only appeared in 1720. She wrotememoirs of the reign of Louis XIV., which, with the exception of two chapters, for the years 1688 and 1689 (published at See also:Amsterdam, 1731), were lost through her son's carelessness. Madame de La Fayette died on the 25th of May 1692.
See Sainte-Beuve, Portraits de femmes; the comte d'See also:Haussonville, Madame de La Fayette (1891), in the See also:series of Grands icrivains See also:francais; M. de See also:Lescure's See also:notice prefixed to an edition of the Princesse de Cleves (1881); and a See also:critical edition of the See also:historical See also:memoirs by See also:Eugene Asse (189o). See also L. Rea, Marie Madeleine, comtesse de La Fayette (1908).
End of Article: MARQUIS
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