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VICE

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 19 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VICE . (1) (Through Fr. from See also:

Lat. vitium), a See also:fault, blemish, more specifically a moral fault, hence depravity, See also:sin, or a particular See also:form of depravity. In the See also:medieval morality plays a See also:special See also:character who acted as an attendant on the See also:devil was styled " the Vice," but sometimes took the name of specific vices such as Envy, See also:Fraud, Iniquity and the like. He was usually dressed in the garb that is identified with that of the domestic See also:fool or See also:jester, and was armed with a wooden See also:sword or See also:dagger. (2) (M.E. vyce, vise or vyse; Fr. vis; Lat. vitis, a See also:vine, or bryony, i.e. something that twists or winds), a portable or fixed See also:tool or appliance which holds or grips an See also:object while it is being worked; a special form of clamp. The tool consists essentially of movable jaws, either jointed by a See also:hinge or moving on slides, and the closing See also:motion is applied by a See also:screw, whence the name, as of something which turns or winds, or by a See also:lever, ratchet, &c. (see Toots). (3) (Lat. vice, in See also:place of, abl. sing. of a noun not found in the nom.), a word chiefly used as a prefix in See also:combination with names of See also:office-holders, indicating a position subordinate or alternative to the See also:chief office-holder, especially one who takes second See also:rank or acts in See also:default of his See also:superior, e.g. vice-chairman, vice=See also:admiral, &c. VICE-See also:CHANCELLOR, the See also:deputy of a chancellor (q.v.). In the See also:English legal See also:system vice-chancellors in See also:equity' were formerly important officials. The first vice-chancellor was appointed in 1813 in See also:order to lighten the See also:work of the See also:lord chancellor and the See also:master of the rolls, who were at that See also:time the See also:sole See also:judges in equity. Two additional vice-chancellors were appointed in 1841.

The vice-chancellors sat separately from the lord chancellor and the lords justices, to whom there was an See also:

appeal from their decisions. By the Judicature See also:Act 1873 they became judges of the High See also:Court of See also:Justice, retaining their titles, but it was enacted that on the See also:death or retirement of any one his successor was to be styled " See also:judge." Vice-chancellor See also:Sir J. See also:Bacon (1998–1895) was the last to hold the office, resigning in 1886. Vice-chancellor is also the See also:title given to the judge of the duchy court of See also:Lancaster. For the vice-chancellor of a university, see CHANCELLOR.

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