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See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
HAMILTON, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST See also:DUKE OF (1606-1649) ,
Scottish nobleman, son of James, 2nd See also:marquess of Hamilton, and of the See also:Lady See also:Anne See also:Cunningham, daughter of the See also:earl of See also:Glencairn, was See also:born on the 19th of See also:June 16o6. As the descendant and representative of James Hamilton, 1st earl of See also:Arran, he was the See also:heir to the See also:throne of See also:Scotland after the descendants of James VI.' He married in his fourteenth See also:year May Feilding, aged seven, daughter of See also:Lord Feilding, afterwards 1st earl of See also:Denbigh, and was educated at See also:Exeter See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, where he matriculated on the 14th of See also:December 1621. He succeeded to his See also:father's titles on the latter's See also:death in 1625. In 1628 he was made See also:master of the See also:horse and was also appointed See also:gentleman of the bedchamber and a privy councillor. In 1631 Hamilton took over a force of 6000 men to assist Gustavus See also:Adolphus in See also:Germany. He guarded the fortresses on the See also:Oder while Gustavus fought See also:Tilly at See also:Breitenfeld, and afterwards occupied See also:Magdeburg, but his See also:army was destroyed by disease and See also:starvation, and after the See also:complete failure of the expedition Hamilton returned to See also:England in See also:September 1634. He now became See also:Charles I.'s See also:chief adviser in Scottish affairs. In May 1638, after the outbreak of the revolt against the See also:English See also:Prayer-See also:Book, he was appointed See also:commissioner for Scotland to appease the discontents. He described the Scots as being " possessed by the See also:devil," and instead of doing his utmost to support the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's interests was easily intimidated by the covenanting leaders and persuaded of the impossibility of resisting their demands, finally returning to Charles to urge him to give way. It is said that he so far forgot his See also:trust as '.:o encourage the Scottish leaders in their resistance in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to gain• their favour.2 On the 27th of See also:July Charles sent him back with new proposals for the See also:election of an See also:assembly and a See also:parliament, See also:episcopacy being safeguarded but bishops being made responsible to future assemblies. After a wrangle concerning the mode of election he again returned to Charles: Having been sent back to See also:Edinburgh on the 17th of September, he brought with him a revocation of the prayer-book and canons and another See also:covenant to be substituted for the See also:national covenant. On the 21st of See also:November Hamilton presided over the first See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the assembly in See also:Glasgow See also:cathedral, but dissolved it on the 28th on its declaring the bishops responsible to its authority. The assembly, however, continued to sit notwithstanding, and Hamilton returned to England to give an See also:account of his failure, leaving the enemy triumphant and in See also:possession. See also:War was now decided upon, and Hamilton was chosen to command an expedition to the Forth to menace the See also:rear of the Scots. On arrival on the ist-of May 1639 he found the See also:plan impossible, despaired of success, and was recalled in June. On the 8th of July, after a hostile reception at Edinburgh, he resigned his commissionership. He supported See also:Strafford's proposal to See also:call the See also:Short Parliament, but otherwise opposed him as strongly as he could, as the. chief adversary of the Scots; and he aided the See also:elder See also:Vane, it was
1 James, Lord Hamilton =Princess See also:Mary See also:Stuart,
(d. 1479). daughter of James II.
James, Lord Hamilton and 1st earl of Arran
(d. c. 1529).
James, duke of Chatelherault, and 2nd earl of Arran
(d. 1575).
James, 3rd earl of Arran
(d. 16o9).
See also:John, 1st marquess of Hamilton
(d. 1604).
James, 2nd marquess of Hamilton
(d. 1625).
James, 3rd marquess and 1st duke of Hamilton. 2 See S. R. See also:Gardiner in the Dict. of Nat. See also:Biography.
believed, in accomplishing Strafford's destruction by sending for him to the See also:Long Parliament. Hamilton now supported the See also:parliamentary party, desired an See also:alliance with his nation, and persuaded Charles in See also:February 1641 to admit some of their leaders into the See also:council. On the death of Strafford Hamilton was confronted by a new antagonist in See also:Montrose, who detested both his See also:character and policy and repudiated his supremacy in Scotland.
On the loth of See also:August 1641 he accompanied Charles on his last visit to Scotland. His aim now was to effect an alliance between the king and See also:Argyll, the former accepting See also:Presbyterianism and receiving the help of the Scots against the English parliament, and when this failed he abandoned Charles and adhered to Argyll. In consequence he received a See also:challenge from Lord See also:Ker, of which he gave the king See also:information, and obtained from Ker an See also:apology. Montrose wrote to Charles declaring he could prove Hamilton to be a traitor. The king himself spoke of him as being " very active in his own preservation." Shortly afterwards the See also:plot—known as the " Incident "—to seize Argyll, Hamilton and the latter's See also:brother, the earl of See also:Lanark, was discovered, and on the 12th of See also:October they fled from Edinburgh. Hamilton returned not long after-wards, and notwithstanding all that had occurred still retained Charles's favour and confidence. He returned with him to See also:London and accompanied him on the 5th of See also:January 1642 when he went to the See also:city after the failure to secure the five members. In July Hamilton went to Scotland on a hopeless See also:mission to prevent the intervention of the Scots in the war, and a See also:breach then took See also:place between him and Argyll. When in February 1643 proposals of See also:mediation between Charles and the parliament came from Scotland, Hamilton instigated the " See also:cross See also:petition " which demanded from Charles the surrender of the annuities of See also:tithes in order to embarrass See also:Loudoun, the chief See also:promoter of the project, to whom they had already been granted. This failing, he promoted a See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme for overwhelming the See also:influence and votes of Argyll and his party by sending to Scotland all the Scottish peers then with the king, thereby preventing any assistance to the parliament coming from that See also:quarter, while Charles was to See also:guarantee the See also:establishment of Presbyterianism in Scotland only. This foolish intrigue was strongly opposed by Montrose, who was eager to strike a sudden See also:blow and anticipate and annihilate the plans of the See also:Covenanters. Hamilton, however, gained over the See also:queen for his project,.and in September was made a duke, while Montrose was condemned to inaction. Hamilton's scheme, however, completely failed. He had no See also:control over the parliament. He was unable to hinder the meeting of the See also:convention of the estates which assembled without the king's authority, and his supporters found themselves in a minority. Finally, on refusing to take the Covenant, Hamilton and Lanark were obliged to leave Scotland. They arrived at Oxford on the 16th of December. Hamilton's conduct had at last incurred Charles's resentment and he was sent, in January 1644, a prisoner to Pendennis See also:Castle, in 1645 being removed to St See also:Michael's See also:Mount, where he was liberated by See also:Fairfax's troops on the 23rd of See also:April 1646. Subsequently he showed See also:great activity in the futile negotiations between the Scots and Charles at See also:Newcastle. In 1648, in consequence of the seizure of Charles by the army in 1647, Hamilton obtained a temporary influence and- authority in the Scottish parliament over Argyll, and led a large force into England in support of the king on the 8th of July. He showed complete incapacity in military command; was kept in check for some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time by See also:Lambert; and though out-numbering the enemy by 24,000 to about 9000 men, allowed his troops to disperse over the See also:country and to be defeated in detail by See also:Cromwell during the three days August 17th-19th at the so-called See also:battle of See also:Preston, being himself taken prisoner on the 25th. He was tried on the 6th of February 1649, condemned to death on the 6th of See also:March and executed on the 9th.
Hamilton, during his unfortunate career, had often been suspected of betraying the king's cause, and, as an heir to the Scottish throne, of intentionally playing into the hands of the Covenanters with a view of procuring the See also:crown for himself. The See also:charge was brought against him as See also:early as 1631 when he was
levying men in Scotland for the See also:German expedition, but Charles gave no See also:credence to it and showed his trust in Hamilton by causing him to See also:share his own See also:room. The charge, however, always clung to him, and his intriguing character and hopeless management of the king's affairs in Scotland gave See also:colour to the See also:accusation. There seems, however, to be no real See also:foundation for it. His career is sufficiently explained by his thoroughly weak and egotistical character. He took no See also:interest whatever in the great questions at issue, was neither loyal nor patriotic, and only desired See also:peace and See also:compromise to avoid See also:personal losses. " He was devoid of intellectual or moral strength, and was therefore easily brought to See also:fancy all future tasks easy and all See also:present obstacles insuperable."' A worse choice than Hamilton could not possibly have been made in such a crisis, and his want of principle, of firmness and See also:resolution, brought irretrievable ruin upon the royal cause.
Hamilton's three sons died See also:young, and the dukedom passed by See also:special See also:remainder to his brother See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, earl of Lanark. On the latter's death in 1651 the Scottish titles reverted to the 1st duke's daughter, Anne, whose See also:husband, William See also:Douglas, was created (third) duke of Hamilton.
End of Article: HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
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