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GLENCAIRN, EARLS OF

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 119 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GLENCAIRN, EARLS OF . The 1st See also:earl of Glencairn in the Scottish See also:peerage was See also:ALEXANDER See also:CUNNINGHAM (d. 1488), a son of See also:Sir See also:Robert Cunningham of See also:Kilmaurs in See also:Ayrshire. Made a See also:lord of the Scottish See also:parliament as Lord Kilmaurs not later than 1469, Cunningham was treated earl" of Glencairn in 1488; and a few See also:weeks later he was killed at the See also:battle of Sauchieburn whilst fighting for See also:King See also:James III. against his rebellious son, afterwards James IV. His son and successor, ROBERT (d. c. 1490), was deprived of his earldom by James IV., but before 1505 this had been revived in favour of Robert's son, See also:CUTHBERT (d. c. 1540), who became 3rd earl of Glencairn, and whose son See also:WILLIAM (c. 1490—1547) was the 4th earl. This See also:noble, an See also:early adherent of the See also:Reformation, was during his public See also:life frequently in the pay and service of See also:England, although he fought on the Scottish See also:side at the battle of Solway See also:Moss (1542), where he was taken prisoner. Upon his See also:release early in 1543 he promised to adhere to See also:Henry VIII., who was anxious to bring See also:Scotland under his See also:rule, and in 1544 he entered into other engagements with Henry, undertaking inter See also:cilia to deliver See also:Mary See also:queen of Scots to the See also:English king. However, he was defeated by James See also:Hamilton, earl of See also:Arran," and the project failed; Glencairn then deserted his See also:fellow-conspirator, See also:Matthew See also:Stewart, earl of See also:Lennox, and came to terms with the queen-See also:mother, Mary of See also:Guise, and her party. William's son, ALEXANDER, the 5th earl (d.

1574), was a more pronounced reformer than his See also:

father, whose English sympathies he shared, and was among the intimate See also:friends of See also:John See also:Knox. In See also:March 1557 he signed the See also:letter asking Knox to return to Scotland; in the following See also:December he subscribed the first " See also:band " of the Scottish reformers; and he anticipated Lord James Stewart, afterwards the See also:regent See also:Murray, in taking up arms against the regent, Mary of Guise, in 1558. Then, joined by Stewart and the lords of the See also:congregation, he fought. against the regent, and took See also:part in the attendant negotiations with See also:Elizabeth of England, whom he visited in See also:London in December 156o. When in See also:August 1561 Mary queen of Scots returned to Scotland, Glencairn was made a member of her See also:council; he remained loyal to her after she had been deserted by Murray, but in a few weeks rejoined Murray and the other See also:Protestant lords, returning to Mary's side in 1566. After the queen had married the "earl of See also:Bothwell she was again forsaken by Glen-See also:cairn, who fought against her at Carberry See also:Hill and at Langside. The earl, who was always to the fore in destroying churches, abbeys and other " monuments of See also:idolatry," died on the 23rd of See also:November 1574. His See also:short satirical poem against the See also:Grey Friars is printed by Knox in his See also:History of the Reformation.

End of Article: GLENCAIRN, EARLS OF

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