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See also:BOTHWELL, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:HEPBURN, 4TH See also:EARL OF , See also:duke of See also:Orkney and See also:Shetland (c. 1536-1578), See also:husband of See also:Mary, See also:queen of Scots, son of See also:Patrick, 3rd earl of Bothwell, and of See also:Agnes, daughter of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, See also:Lord See also:Sinclair, was See also:born about 1536. His See also:father, Patrick, the 3rd earl (c. 1512-1556), was the only son of See also:Adam, the 2nd earl, who was killed at See also:Flodden, and the See also:grandson of Patrick (d. c. 15o8), 3rd Lord See also:Hailes and 1st earl of Bothwell. It was this Patrick who laid the See also:foundation of the See also:family fortunes. Having fought against See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King James III. at the See also:battle of Sauchieburn in 1488, he was rewarded by the new king, James IV., with the earldom of Bothwell, the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of lord high See also:admiral and other dignities. He also received many grants of See also:land, including the lordship of Bothwell, which had been taken from See also:John See also:Ramsay, Lord Bothwell (d. 1513), the favourite of James III.
James Hepburn succeeded in 1556 to his father's titles, lands and hereditary offices, including that of lord high admiral of See also:Scotland. Though a See also:Protestant, he supported the See also:government of Mary of See also:Guise, showed himself violently See also:anti-See also:English, and led a See also:raid into See also:England, subsequently in 1559 See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting the English commissioners and See also:signing articles for See also:peace on the border. The same See also:year he seized 1000 secretly sent by See also:Elizabeth to the lords of the See also:congregation.
In See also:retaliation See also:Arran occupied and stripped his See also:castle at See also:Crichton, whereupon Bothwell in See also:November - sent Arran a See also:challenge, which the latter declined. In See also:December he was sent by the queen See also:dowager to secure See also:Stirling, and in 156o was despatched on a See also:mission to See also:France, visiting See also:Denmark on the way, where he either married or seduced See also:Anne, daughter of See also:Christopher Thorssen, whom he afterwards deserted, and who came to Scotland in 1563 to obtain redress. He joined Mary at See also:Paris in See also:September, and in 1561 was sent by her as a See also:commissioner to summon the See also:parliament; in See also:February he arrived in See also:Edinburgh and was chosen a privy councillor on the 6th of September. He now entered into obligations to keep the peace with hisvarious rivals, but was soon implicated in riots and See also:partisan disorders, and was ordered in December to leave the See also:city. In See also:March 1562, having made up His See also:quarrel with Arran, he was accused of having proposed to the latter a project for seizing the queen, and in May he was imprisoned in Edinburgh castle, whence he succeeded in escaping on the 28th of See also:August. On the 23rd of September he submitted to the queen. See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray's See also:influence, however, being now supreme, he embarked in December for France, but was driven by storms on to See also:Holy See also:Island, where he was detained, and was subsequently, on the 18th of See also:January 1564, seized at See also:Berwick and sent by Elizabeth to the See also:Tower, whence he was soon liberated and proceeded to France. After these adventures he returned to Scotland in March 1565, but withdrew once more before the See also:superior strength of his opponents to France. The same year, however, he was recalled by Mary to aid in the suppression of Murray's See also:rebellion, successfully eluding the See also:ships of Elizabeth sent to See also:capture him. As See also:lieutenant of the See also:Marches he was employed in settling disputes on the border, but used his See also:power to instigate thieving and disorders, and is de-scribed by See also:Cecil's correspondents as " as naughty a See also:man as liveth and much given to the most detestable vices," " as false as a See also:devil," " one that the godly of this whole nation hath a cause to curse for ever."' In February 1566 Bothwell, in spite of his previous matrimonial engagements—and he had also been See also:united by " See also:handfasting " to See also:Janet Betoun of Cranstoun Riddell —married Jane, daughter of See also:George See also:Gordon, 4th earl of See also:Huntly. Notwithstanding his insulting See also:language concerning Mary and the fact that he was the " stoutest " in refusing See also:mass, he became one of her See also:chief advisers, but his See also:complete ascendancy over her mind and affections See also:dates from the See also:murder of See also:Rizzio on the 9th of March 1566. The queen required a See also:protector, whom she found, not in the feeble See also:Darnley, nor in any of the leaders of the factions, but in the strong, determined earl who had ever been a stanch supporter of the See also:throne against the Protestant party and English influence.
In Bothwell also, " the glorious, rash and hazardous See also:young man," romantic, handsome, charming even in his See also:guilt, Mary gained what she lacked in her husband, a See also:lover. He now stood forth as her See also:champion; Mary took See also:refuge with him at See also:Dunbar, presented him, among other estates, with the castle there and the chief lands of the earldom of March, and made him the most powerful See also:noble in the See also:south of Scotland. Her partiality for him increased as her contempt and hatred of Darnley became more confirmed. On the 7th of See also:October he was dangerously wounded, and the queen showed her anxiety for his safety by See also:riding 40 See also:miles to visit him, incurring a severe illness. In November she visited him at Dunbar, and in December took See also:place the See also:conference at Craigmillar at which both were See also:present, and at which the disposal of Darnley was arranged, Bothwell with some others subsequently signing the See also:bond to accomplish his murder. He himself superintended all the preparations, visiting Darnley with Mary on the See also:night of the See also:crime, See also:Sunday, 9th of February 1567, attending the queen on her return to Holyrood for the See also:ball, and riding back to See also:Kirk o' See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
Field to carry out the crime. After the See also:explosion he hurried back to Holyrood and feigned surprise at the See also:receipt of the See also:news See also:half an See also:hour later, ascribing the See also:catastrophe to " the strangest See also:accident that ever chancit, to wit, the fonder (See also:lightning) came out of the luft (See also:sky) and had burnt the king's See also:house." 2
Bothwell's power was new greater, and the queen's See also:affection for him more ardent than ever. She was reported to have said that she cared not to lose France, England and her own See also:country for him, and would go with him to the See also:world's end in a See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:petticoat ere she See also:left him .3 He was gratified with further rewards, and his success was clouded by no stings of See also:conscience or remorse. According to See also:Melville he had designs on the See also:life of the young See also:prince. On the demand of See also:Lennox, Darnley's father, Bothwell was put upon his trial in See also:April, but Lennox, having been for-bidden to enter the city with more than six attendants, refused to attend, and Bothwell was declared not guilty. The queen's
1 Cal. of See also:State Papers, Scottish, i. 679.
2 See also:Sir James Melville's Mem. 194.
Cal. of State Pap., See also:Foreign, 1566-.1568, p. 212.
intention to marry Bothwell, which had been kept a strict See also:secret before the issue of the trial, was now made public. On the 19th of April he obtained the consent and support of the Protestant lords, who signed a bond in his favour. On the 24th he seized Mary's willing See also:person near Edinburgh, and carried her to his castle at Dunbar. On the 3rd of May Bothwell's See also:divorce from his wife was decreed by the See also:civil See also:court, on the ground of his See also:adultery with a maidservant, and on the 7th by the See also:Roman See also:Catholic court on the ground of See also:consanguinity. See also:Archbishop See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, how-ever, who now granted the See also:decree, had himself obtained a papal See also:dispensation for the See also:marriage,l and in consequence it is extremely doubtful whether according to the Roman Catholic See also:law Bothwell and Mary were ever husband and wife. On the 12th Bothwell was created duke of Orkney and Shetland and the marriage took place on the 15th according to the Protestant usage, the Roman Catholic rite being performed, according to some accounts, afterwards in addition.2
Bothwell's See also:triumph, however, was shortlived. The nobles, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, now immediately united to effect his destruction. In See also:June Mary and Bothwell fled from Holyrood to Borthwick Castle, whence Bothwell, on the place being surrounded by See also:Morton and his followers, escaped to Dunbar, Mary subsequently joining him.
Thence they marched with a strong force towards Edinburgh, meeting the lords on the 15th of June at Carberry See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill. Bothwell invited any one of the nobles to single combat, but Mary forbade the See also:acceptance of the challenge. Meanwhile, during the negotiations, the queen's troops had been deserting; a surrender became inevitable, and Bothwell returned to Dunbar, parting from Mary for ever. Subsequently Bothwell left Dunbar for the See also:north, visited Orkney and Shetland, and in See also:July placed himself at the See also:head of a See also:band of pirates, and after eluding all attempts to capture him, arrived at Karm See also:Sound in See also:Norway. Here he was confronted by his first wife or victim, Anne Thorssen, whose claims he satisfied by the See also:gift of a See also:ship and promises of an See also:annuity, and on his identity becoming known he was sent by the authorities to See also:Copenhagen, where he arrived on the 3oth of September. He wrote See also:Les Affaires du co;nte de Boduel, exhibiting himself as the victim of the malice of his enemies, and gained King See also:Frederick II.'s See also:good-will by an offer to restore the Orkneys and Shetlands to Denmark. In consequence the king allowed him to remain at Copenhagen, and refused all See also:requests for his surrender. In January 1568 he was removed to Malmoe in See also:Sweden. He corresponded frequently with Mary, but there being no hopes whatever of his restoration, and a new suitor being found in the duke of See also:Norfolk, Mary demanded a divorce, on pleas which recall those of Henry VIII. in the See also:matter of See also:Catherine of See also:Aragon. The divorce was finally granted by the See also:pope in September 1570 on the ground of her pre-nuptial ravishment by Bothwell,3 and met with no opposition from the latter. After the downfall of Mary, Bothwell's good treatment came to an end, and on the 16th of June 1573 he was removed to the castle of Dragsholm or Adelersborg in See also:Zealand. Here the See also:close and solitary confinement, and the dreary and hopeless inactivity to which he was condemned, proved a terrible See also:punishment for the full-blooded, energetic and masterful Both-well.
He sank into See also:insanity, and died on the 14th of April 1578. He was buried at the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of Faareveille, where a See also:coffin, doubt-fully supposed to be his, was opened in 1858. A portrait was taken of the head of the See also:body found therein, now in the museum of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland. His so-called See also:death-See also:bed See also:confession is not genuine.
He left no lawful descendants; but his See also:nephew, See also:FRANCIS See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
STEWART HEPBURN, who, through his father, John Stewart, See also:prior of Coldingham, was a grandson of King James V., and was thus related to Mary, queen of Scots, and the See also:regent Murray, was in 1581 created earl of Bothwell. He was lord high admiral of Scotland, and was a person of some importance at the court of James VI. during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when the influence of the Protestants was uppermost. He was anxious that Mary See also:Stuart's death
1 Hist. See also:MSS. See also:Comm. See also:Rep. ii. p. 177.
2 Cal. of State Pap., Scottish, ii.
333.
Cal. of State Pap., Foreign, 1569-1571, p. 372.should be avenged by an invasion of England, cnd in 1589 he suffered a See also:short imprisonment for his See also:share in a rising. By this time he had completely lost the royal favour. Again imprisoned, this time on a See also:charge of See also:witchcraft, he escaped from captivity in 1591, and was deprived by parliament of his lands and titles; as an outlaw his career was one of extraordinary lawlessness. In 1591 he attempted to seize Holyrood See also:palace, and in 1593 he captured the king, forcing from him a promise of See also:pardon. But almost at once he reverted to his former manner of life, and, although James failed to apprehend him, he was forced to take refuge in France about 1595. He died at See also:Naples before July 1614. This earl had three sons, but his titles were never restored.
End of Article: BOTHWELL, JAMES HEPBURN, 4TH EARL OF
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