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See also:ORKNEY, See also:EARL OF , a Scottish See also:title held at different periods by various families, including its See also:present possessors the Fitzmaurices. The Orkney Islands (q.v.) were ruled by jarls or earls under the supremacy of the See also:kings of See also:Norway from very See also:early times to about 136o, many of these jarls being also earls of See also:Caithness under the supremacy of the Scottish kings. Perhaps the most prominent of them were a certain See also:Paul (d. 1099) who assisted the See also:Norwegian See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, See also:Harald III. Haardraada, when he invaded See also:England in 1o66; and his See also:grandson Paul the Silent, who built, at least in See also:part, the See also:cathedral of St See also:Magnus at See also:Kirkwall. They were related to the royal families of•See also:Scotland and Norway.
In its more See also:modern sense the earldom See also:dates from about 138o, and the first See also:family to hold it was that of See also:Sinclair, See also:Sir See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Sinclair (d. c. 1400) of Roslin, near See also:Edinburgh, being recognized as earl by the king of Norway. Sir Henry was the son of Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Sinclair, who was killed by the See also:Saracens whilst accompanying Sir See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Douglas, the See also:bearer of the See also:Bruce's See also:heart, to See also:Palestine in 1330, and on the maternal See also:side was the grandson of Malise, who called himself earl of Strathearn, Caithness and Orkney. He ruled the islands almost like a king, and employed in his service the Venetian travellers Nicolo and See also:Antonio See also:Zeno. His son Henry (d. 1418) was See also:admiral of Scotland and was taken prisoner by the See also:English in 1406, together with See also:Prince James, afterwards King James I.; his grandson William, the 3rd earl (c. 1404–1480), was See also:chancellor of Scotland and took some part in public affairs. In 1455 William was created earl of Caithness, and in 1470 he resigned his earldom of Orkney to James III. of Scotland, who had just acquired the See also:sovereignty of these islands through his See also:marriage with See also:Margaret, daughter of See also:Christian I., king of See also:Denmark and Norway. In 1567 See also:Queen See also:Mary's See also:lover, James See also:Hepburn, earl of See also:Bothwell, was created See also:duke of Orkney, and in 1581 her See also:half-See also:brother See also:Robert See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart (d. 1592), an illegitimate son of James V., was made earl of Orkney. Robert, who was See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of Holyrood, joined the party of the reformers and was afterwards one of the See also:principal enemies of the See also:regent See also:Morton. His son See also:Patrick acted in a very arbitrary manner in the Orkneys, where he set the royal authority at See also:defiance; in 1609 he was seized and imprisoned, and, after his See also:bastard son Robert had suffered See also:death for heading a See also:rebellion, he himself was executed in See also:February 1614, when his honours and estates were forfeited.
In 1696 See also:Lord See also:George See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton was created earl of Orkney (see below). He married See also:Elizabeth See also:Villiers (see below), and he was succeeded by his daughter See also:Anne (d. 1756), the wife of
William O'Brien, 4th earl of See also:Inchiquin. Anne's daughter Mary (e. 1721—1791) and her granddaughter Mary (1755–1831) were both countesses of Orkney in their own right; the younger Mary married See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Fitzmaurice (1742–1793), son of See also:John See also:Petty, earl of Shelburne, and was succeeded in the title by her grandson, Thomas John Hamilton Fitzmaurice (1803–1877), whose descendants still hold the earldom.
End of Article: ORKNEY, EARL OF
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