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ANTONIO , known as " THE See also:PRIOR OF CRATO " (1531—1595), claimant of the See also:throne of See also:Portugal, was the natural son of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis (Luis), See also:duke of See also:Beja, by See also:Yolande (Violante) See also:Gomez, a Jewess, who is said to have died a See also:nun. His See also:father was a. younger son of Emanuel, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Portugal ,(1495—1521). Antonio was educated at See also:Coimbra, and was placed in the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of St See also:John. He was endowed with the wealthy priory of Crato. Little is known of his See also:life till 1578. In that See also:year he accompanied King See also:Sebastian (1557—1578) in his invasion of See also:Morocco, and was taken prisoner by the See also:Moors at the See also:battle of Alcazar-Kebir, in which the king was slain. Antonio is said to have secured his See also:release on easy terms by a fiction. He was asked the meaningof the See also:cross of St John which he wore on his doublet, and replied that it was the sign of a small See also:benefice which he held from the See also:pope, and would lose if he were not back by the 1st of See also:January. His captor, believing him to be a poor See also:man, allowed him to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape for a small See also:ransom. On his return to Portugal he found that his See also:uncle, the See also:cardinal See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, only surviving son of King John III. (1521—1557), had been recognized as king. The cardinal was old, and was the last legitimate male representative of the royal See also:line (see PORTUGAL: See also:History). The See also:succession was claimed by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip II. of See also:Spain. Antonio, relying on the popular hostility to a See also:Spanish ruler, presented himself as a See also:candidate. He had endeavoured to prove that his father and See also:mother had been married after his See also:birth. There was, however, no See also:evidence of the See also:marriage. Antonio's claim, which was inferior not only to that of Philip II., but to that of the duchess of See also:Braganza, was not supported by the nobles or gentry. His partisans were See also:drawn exclusively from the inferior See also:clergy, the peasants and workmen. The prior endeavoured to resist the See also:army which Philip II. marched into Portugal to enforce his pretensions, but was easily routed by the duke of See also:Alva, the Spanish See also:commander, at See also:Alcantara, on the 25th of See also:August 1580. At the See also:close of the year, or in the first days of 1581, he fled to See also:France carrying with him the See also:crown jewels, which included many valuable diamonds. He was well received by See also:Catherine de' See also:Medici, who had a claim of her own on the crown of Portugal, and looked upon him as a convenient See also:instrument to be used against Philip II. By promising to cede the Portuguese See also:colony of See also:Brazil to her, and by the See also:sale of See also:part of his jewels, Antonio secured means to See also:fit out a See also:fleet manned by Portuguese exiles and See also:French and See also:English adventurers.. As the Spaniards had not yet occupied the See also:Azores he sailed to them, but was utterly defeated at See also:sea by the See also:marquis of See also:Santa Cruz off See also:Saint See also:Michael's on the 27th of See also:July 1582. He now returned to France, and lived for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at Ruel near See also:Paris. Peril from the assassins employed by Philip II. to remove him drove Antonio from one See also:refuge to another, and he finally came to See also:England. See also:Elizabeth favoured him for much the same reasons as Catherine de' Medici. In 1589, the year after the See also:Armada, he accompanied an English expedition under the command of See also:Drake and See also:Norris to the See also:coast of Spain and Portugal. The force consisted partly of the See also:queen's See also:ships, and in part of privateers who went in See also:search of See also:booty. Antonio, with all the credulity of an See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile, believed that his presence would provoke a See also:general rising against Philip II., but none took See also:place, and the expedition was a costly failure. In 1590 the pretender See also:left England and returned to France,. where he See also:fell into poverty. His remaining diamonds were disposed of by degrees. The last and finest was acquired by M. de See also:Sancy, from whom it was See also:purchased by See also:Sully and included in the jewels of the crown. During his last days he lived as a private See also:gentleman on a small See also:pension given him by Henry IV., and he died in Paris on the . 26th of August 1595. He left two illegitimate sons, and his descendants can be traced till 1687. In addition to papers published to defend his claims Antonio was the author of the Panegyrus Alphonsi Lusitanorum Regis (Coimbra, 155o), and of a See also:cento of the See also:Psalms, Psalmi Confessionales (Paris 1592), which was translated into English under the See also:title of The Royal Penitent by See also:Francis Chamberleyn (See also:London, 1659), and into See also:German as Heilige Betrachtungen (See also:Marburg, 1677).
AUTHORITI1s.—Antonio is frequently mentioned in the French, English, and Spanish See also:state papers of the time. A life of him, attributed to Gomes Vasconcellos de Figueredo, was published in a French See also:translation by Mme de Sainctonge at See also:Amsterdam (1626). A See also:modern See also:account of him, Un pretendant portugais au X VI. siecle, by E. See also:Fournier (Paris, 1852), is based on See also:authentic See also:sources. See also Dom Antonio Prior de Crata--rotas de bibliographic, by J. de Aranjo (See also:Lisbon, 1897). (D.
End of Article: ANTONIO
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