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HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 886 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HAMILTON, See also:JAMES (1769-1831) , See also:English educationist, and author of the Hamiltonian See also:system of teaching See also:languages, was See also:born in 1769. The first See also:part of his See also:life was spent in See also:mercantile pursuits. Having settled in See also:Hamburg and become See also:free of the See also:city, he was anxious to become acquainted with See also:German and accepted the tuition of a See also:French emigre, See also:General d'Angelis. In twelve lessons he found himself able to read an easy German See also:book, his See also:master having discarded the use of a See also:grammar and translated to him See also:short stories word for word into French. As a See also:citizen of Hamburg Hamilton started a business in See also:Paris, and during the See also:peace of See also:Amiens maintained a lucrative See also:trade with See also:England; but at the rupture of the treaty he was made a prisoner of See also:war, and though the See also:protection of Hamburg was enough to get the words efface de la See also:lisle See also:des prisonniers de guerre inscribed upon his See also:passport, he was detained in custody till the See also:close of hostilities. His business being thus ruined, he went in 1814 to See also:America, intending to become a See also:farmer and manufacturer of potash; but, changing his See also:plan before he reached his " location," he started as a teacher in New See also:York. Adopting his old See also:tutor's method, he attained remarkable success in New York, See also:Baltimore, See also:Washington, See also:Boston, See also:Montreal and See also:Quebec. Returning to England in See also:July 1823, he was equally fortunate in See also:Manchester and elsewhere. The two master principles of his method were that the See also:language should be presented to the See also:scholar as a living organism, and that its See also:laws should be learned from observation and not by rules. His system attracted general See also:attention, and was vigorously attacked and defended. In 1826 See also:Sydney See also:Smith devoted an See also:article to its elucidation in the See also:Edinburgh See also:Review. As textbooks for his pupils Hamilton printed interlinear See also:translations of the See also:Gospel of See also:John, of an See also:Epitome historiae sacrae, of See also:Aesop's Fables, See also:Eutropius, Aurelius See also:Victor, See also:Phaedrus, &c., and many books were issued as Hamiltonian with which he • had nothing personally to do.

He died on the 31st of See also:

October 1831. See Hamilton's own See also:account, The See also:History, Principles, Practice and Results of the Hamiltonian System (Manchester, 1829; new ed., 1831) ; Alberte, Uber See also:die Hamilton'sche Methode ; C. F. Wurm, Hamilton and See also:Jacotot (1831).

End of Article: HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)

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