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See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
SMITH, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM See also:ROBERTSON (1846-'894) , Scottish philologist, physicist, archaeologist, Biblical critic, and editor, from 1881, of the 9th edition of this See also:Encyclopaedia, was See also:born on the
8th of See also:November 1846 at Keig in See also:Aberdeenshire, where his See also:father was See also:Free See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church See also:minister. He was educated at See also:home and at See also:Aberdeen University, where he attained the highest See also:academic distinctions, winning among other things the See also:Ferguson mathematical scholarship, which is open to all graduates of Scottish See also:universities under three years' See also:standing. In 1866 he entered the Free Church See also:College at See also:Edinburgh as a student of See also:theology. During two summer sessions he studied See also:philosophy and theology at See also:Bonn and See also:Gottingen, making See also:friends in all branches of learning. From r868 to 187o he acted as assistant to the See also:professor of natural philosophy in Edinburgh University. During this See also:period he was not only most successful as a teacher, but produced much See also:original See also:work—especially in the experimental and mathematical treatment of See also:electricity—which is still regarded as See also:standard. ,In 187o he was appointed and ordained to the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of professor of See also:Oriental See also:languages and Old Testament exegesis at the Free Church College, Aberdeen, and here he began that See also:series of theological investigations which, characterized as they were by learned See also:research and the use of the most scientific methods, were destined to make his name famous. He was the See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil and See also:personal friend of many leaders of the higher See also:criticism in See also:Germany, and from the first he advocated views which, though now widely accepted, were then regarded with See also:apprehension. The articles on Biblical subjects which he contributed to the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica distressed and alarmed the authorities of the Free Church. In 1876 a See also:committee of the See also:General See also:Assembly of that Church reported on them so adversely that Smith demanded a formal trial, in the course of which he defended himself with consummate ability and eloquence. The See also:indictment dropped, but a See also:vote of want of confidence was passed, and in 1881 Smith was removed from his See also:chair. During this See also:long struggle he was sustained by the conviction that he was fighting for freedom, and at the end of the trial he was probably the most popular, if not the most powerful, See also:man in See also:Scotland. Marks of sympathy were showered on him from all sides.
In 1875 he was appointed one of the Old Testament revisers; in 188o-r882 he delivered by invitation, to very large audiences in Edinburgh and See also:Glasgow, two courses of lectures on the, criticism of the Old Testament, which he afterwards published (The Old Testament in the Jewish Church, first edition 1881, second edition 1892, and The Prophets of See also:Israel, 1882, which also passed through two See also:editions); and soon after his dismissal from his chair he joined Professor See also:Baynes in the editorship of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and after Professor Baynes's See also:death remained in supreme editorial See also:control till the work was completed. His versatility, firmness combined with tact, width of view, and pains-taking struggle for accuracy were largely responsible for the See also:maintenance of its high standard. But he did not let his other duties interfere with his Semitic studies. He visited See also:Arabia, See also:Egypt, See also:Syria, See also:Palestine, See also:Tunis and See also:southern See also:Spain, and had an intimate knowledge of, and personal acquaintance with, not only the literature, but the See also:life of the See also:East. His See also:early friendship with J. F. McLennan, that most original student of See also:primitive See also:marriage, had a See also:great See also:influence on Smith's studies, and his See also:attention was always strongly attracted to the See also:comparative study of primitive customs and their meaning. His See also:chief contributions to this See also:branch of learning were his See also:article See also:SACRIFICE in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, his Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (See also:Cambridge, 1885), and above all his Lectures on the See also:Religion of the Semites (1st edition 1889, and edition 1894). His originality and grasp of mind enabled him to seize the essential among masses of details, and he had in a marked degree the See also:power of carrying a subject farther than his predecessors.
In 1883 Robertson Smith was appointed See also:Lord See also:Almoner's Professor of Arabic at Cambridge, which henceforth became his home. He occupied rooms in Trinity College till 1885, when he was elected to a professorial fellowship at See also:Christ's College. In 1886 he became university librarian, and in 1889 See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams Professor of Arabic. In r888-1891 he delivered, as See also:Burnett lecturer, three courses of lectures at Aberdeen on the primitive religion of the Semites. Early in 1890 See also:grave symptoms of constitutional disease manifested themselves, and the last years of his life werefull of suffering, which he See also:bore with the utmost courage and See also:patience. He never ceased to work, and when near his end was actively engaged in planning the Encyclopaedia Biblica, which he had hoped to edit. He died at Cambridge on the 31st of See also:March 1894, and was buried at Keig. Small and slight in See also:person and never robust in See also:health, Robertson Smith was yet a man of ceaseless and fiery See also:energy; of an See also:intellect extraordinarily alert and See also:quick, and as sagacious in See also:practical matters as it was keen and piercing in See also:speculation; of an erudition astonishing both in its range and in its readiness; of a See also:temper susceptible of the highest See also:enthusiasm for worthy ends, and able to inspire others with its own ardour; endowed with the warmest affections, and with the kindest and most generous disposition, but impatient of stupidity and ready to See also:blaze out at whatever savoured of wrong and injustice. The sweetness and purity of his nature combined with his brilliant conversational See also:powers to render him the most delightful of friends and companions.
See also See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Bryce, Studies in Contemporary See also:Biography (1903).
(A. E.
End of Article: SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
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