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ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 175 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ADAMS, See also:CHARLES See also:FRANCIS (1807-1886) , See also:American diplomatist, son of See also:John See also:Quincy Adams, and See also:grandson of John Adams, was See also:born in See also:Boston on the 18th of See also:August 1807. His See also:father, having been appointed See also:minister to See also:Russia, took him in 1809 to St See also:Petersburg, where he acquired a perfect familiarity with See also:French, learning it as his native See also:tongue. After eight years spent in Russia and See also:England, he attended the Boston Latin School for four years, and in 1825 graduated at Harvard. He lived two years in the executive See also:mansion, See also:Washington, during his father's presidential See also:term, studying See also:law and moving in a society where he met See also:Webster, See also:Clay, See also:Jackson and See also:Randolph. Returning to Boston, he devoted tep years to business and study, and wrote for the See also:North American See also:Review. He also undertook the management of his father's pecuniary affairs, and actively supported him in his contest in the See also:House of Representatives for the right of See also:petition and the See also:anti-See also:slavery cause. In 1835 he wrote an effective and widely read See also:political pamphlet, entitled, after See also:Edmund See also:Burke's more famous See also:work, An See also:Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs. He was a member of the See also:Massachusetts See also:general See also:court from 184o to 1845,. sitting for three years in the House of Representatives and for two years in the See also:Senate;' and in 1846-1848 he edited a party See also:journal, the Boston Whig. In 1848 he was prominent in politics as a " See also:Conscience Whig," presiding over the See also:Buffalo See also:Convention which formed the See also:Free See also:Soil party and nominated See also:Martin See also:Van Buren for See also:president and himself for See also:vice-president. He was a Republican member of the See also:Thirty-See also:Sixth See also:Congress, which assembled on the 5th of See also:December 1859, and during the second session, from the 3rd of December 186o to the 4th of See also:March 1861, he represented Massachusetts in the Congressional See also:Committee of Thirty-three at the See also:time of the See also:secession of seven of the See also:Southern states. His selection by the chairman of this committee, See also:Thomas See also:Corwin, to iresent to the full committee certain propositions agreed upon by two-thirds of the Republican members, and his See also:calm and able speech of the 31st of See also:January 1861 in the House, served to make him conspicuous before congress and the See also:country. Together with See also:William H.

See also:

Seward, he stood for the Republican policy of concession; and, while he was criticized severely and, charged with inconsistency in view of his See also:record as a "Conscience Whig," he was of the same mind as President See also:Lincoln, willing to See also:con-cede non-essentials, but holding rigidly to the principle, properly understood, that there must be no See also:extension of slavery. He believed that as the Republicans were the victors they ought to show a spirit of conciliation, and that the policy of righteousness was likewise one of expediency, since it would have for its result the holding of the border slave states with the North until the 4th of March, when the Republicans could take See also:possession of the See also:government at Washington. With the incoming of the new See also:administration Secretary Seward secured for Adams the See also:appointment of minister to See also:Great See also:Britain. So much sympathy was shown in England for the See also:South that his path was beset with difficulties ; but his See also:mission was to prevent the interference of Great Britain in the struggle; and while the work of Lincoln, Seward and See also:Sumner, and the cause of emancipation, tended to this end, the American minister was insistent and unyielding, and knew how to See also:present his See also:case forcibly and with dignity. He laboured with See also:energy and discretion to prevent the sailing of the "See also:Alabama "; and, when unsuccessful in this, he persistently urged upon the See also:British government its responsibility for the destruction of American See also:merchant vessels by the See also:privateer. In his own See also:diary he shows that underneath his calm exterior were serious trouble and keen anxiety; and, in fact, the See also:strain which he underwent during the See also:Civil See also:War made itself See also:felt in later years. Adams was instrumental in getting See also:Lord John See also:Russell to stop the "Alexandra," and it was his See also:industry and pertinacity in See also:argument and remonstrance that induced Russell to See also:order the detention in See also:September 1863 of the two ironclad rams in-tended for the Confederate States. Adams remained in England until May 1868. His last important work was as a member, in 1871—1872, of the tribunal of See also:arbitration at See also:Geneva which disposed of the "Alabama" claims. His knowledge of the subject and his fairness of mind enabled him to render his country and the cause of See also:international arbitration valuable service. He died at Boston on the 21st of See also:November 1886. He edited the See also:works of John Adams (to vols., 1850-1856), and the See also:Memoirs of John Quincy Adams (12 vols., 1874—1877).

See the excellent See also:

biography (Boston, 1900), in the " American Statesmen See also:Series," by his son, Charles Francis Adams, Jr. (J. F.

End of Article: ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)

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