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RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 866 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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RUSSELL, See also:SIR See also:WILLIAM See also:HOWARD . (1821-1907), See also:English See also:war correspondent, was See also:born at Lilyvale, near Tallaght, in the See also:county of See also:Dublin, on the 28th of See also:March 1821, being one of the $ussells of See also:Limerick, whose See also:settlement in See also:Ireland See also:dates from the See also:time of See also:Richard II. He entered Trinity See also:College in 1838. Three years later he was thrown very much on his own resources, but a relative, Mr R. W. Russell, who had been sent to Ireland by The Times, deputed him to See also:report the Irish elections at See also:Longford, and his success definitely turned his See also:attention to journalism. Coming to See also:London in 1842, he went to See also:Cambridge, but See also:left before taking a degree. In the following See also:year he was sent by The Times to Ireland to report the O'Connell meetings. In 1845 he was appointed to superintend the reports on the Irish See also:railways, and was shortly afterwards sent by The Times to inspect the O'Connell See also:property in S.W. Ireland, when his See also:plain speaking See also:drew forth a characteristic tirade from. the " Liberator." For a See also:short See also:period in 1847 his services were temporarily transferred to the See also:Morning See also:Chronicle, but with that exception he remained permanently connected with The Times. He was sent as See also:special correspondent to See also:Denmark in the war of 1849-50. He did not, however, at once relinquish a legal career, and was called to the See also:bar at the See also:Middle See also:Temple in 1851.

On the outbreak of the See also:

Crimean War in 1853 he went out as special correspondent, and, accompanying the See also:light See also:division to See also:Gallipoli, proceeded with the first detachment to See also:Varna. On the embarkation for the See also:Crimea he was attached to the second division, and landed with it on the 14th of See also:September. He was See also:present at the See also:battle of the See also:Alma on the loth of September, at the investment of See also:Sevastopol, at Balaclava on the 25th of See also:October and See also:Inkerman on the '5th of See also:November. Towards the end of May 1855 he accompanied the expedition to Kertch, and did not return to the Crimea until the following See also:August. In September and October he described the attacks on the Malakoff and See also:Redan, the occupation of Sevastopol and the See also:capture of Fort Kinburn. The popularity of The Times Crimea See also:correspondence led to its republication in two volumes under the See also:title of The War, 1855-56. Russell's letters to The Times were mainly responsible for the enlightenment of the public at See also:home as to the conduct of affairs at the See also:scene of See also:action, and his exposure of the mismanagement during the See also:winter of 1854 did more than anything else to cause the downfall of See also:Lord See also:Aberdeen's See also:ministry. In 1856 Russell was sent to See also:Moscow to describe the See also:coronation of the See also:tsar, and in the following year was attached to the headquarters of Lord See also:Clyde in See also:India. He was present at the See also:siege and capture of See also:Lucknow in 1858, the operations in Oude, the battle of See also:Bareilly and the actions in See also:Rohilkhand, and he received the See also:Indian war See also:medal with the Lucknow clasp. The events of those stirring times are vividly recorded in My See also:Diary in India in 1858-59. Next year he was sent to See also:Italy, but arrived on the See also:eve of the See also:armistice at See also:Villa-franca. On the 7th of See also:January 186o appeared the first number of the See also:Army and See also:Navy See also:Gazette, which he founded, and of which he was editor and See also:principal proprietor.

In 1861 Russell proceeded to See also:

Washington, and reached M'Dowell's headquarters just before the first battle of See also:Bull Run, and his See also:account of the Federal See also:retreat drew much hostile See also:criticism. He published a full account of the war, in so far as he had witnessed it, in My Diary, See also:North and See also:South, during the See also:Civil War in See also:America, 1862. Returning to See also:England in 1863, he remained at home until '866, when he proceeded to the headquarters of See also:General See also:Benedek and witnessed the battle of See also:Koniggratz, 3rd of See also:July, TT During the See also:interval of See also:peace that followed he accompanied the See also:prince of See also:Wales to the See also:Nile, See also:Constantinople, the Crimea and See also:Greece in 1868, and published an account of the tour in the following year, when he also contested the See also:borough of See also:Chelsea unsuccessfully in the Conservative See also:interest. On the out-break of the Franco-Prussian War in 187o, Russell was with the See also:crown prince from the battle of See also:Worth, 6th of August, and See also:Sedan, 12th of September, till the See also:capitulation of See also:Paris. His account appeared in 1874 under the title of My Diary during the Last See also:Great War. His description of the burning of Paris by the Communards was not the least of his journalistic triumphs. In 1895–76 he was honorary private secretary to the prince of Wales during his tour through India, of which he published an account in 1897. When Lord See also:Wolseley was sent to quell the Zulu See also:rebellion in 1879, Russell was attached to his See also:staff as correspondent. In 1881 he went with the See also:duke of See also:Sutherland's party for a tour in the See also:United States and See also:Canada, described in Hesperothen, and in 1882 he was again with Lord Wolseley in the See also:Egyptian See also:campaign. In 1895 he published a See also:personal retrospect entitled The Great War with See also:Russia. Russell was knighted in May 1895, and was the recipient of numerous war medals and various See also:foreign orders. He married twice, first in 1846 See also:Miss Burrowes, who died not See also:long afterwards, and secondly in 1884 the Countess A.

Malvezzi. He died on the 11th of See also:

February 1907.

End of Article: RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD

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