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SEVASTOPOL, or SEBASTOPOL

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 707 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SEVASTOPOL, or SEBASTOPOL , an important See also:naval station of See also:Russia on the See also:Black See also:Sea, on the S.W. See also:coast of the See also:Crimea,in 44° 37' N. and 330 31' E., 956 M. from See also:Moscow, with which it is connected by See also:rail via See also:Kharkov. Pop. (1882) 26,150; (1897) 50,710. The See also:estuary, which is one of the best roadsteads in See also:Europe and could accommodate the combined fleets of Europe, is a deep and thoroughly sheltered indentation among chalky cliffs, See also:running See also:east and See also:west for nearly 4 m., with a width of three-quarters of a mile, narrowing to 930 yds. at the entrance. It has a See also:depth of 6 to to fathoms, with a See also:good bottom, and large See also:ships can See also:anchor at a See also:cable's length from the See also:shore. The See also:main inlet has also four smaller indentations—See also:Quarantine See also:Bay at its entrance, Yuzhnaya (See also:Southern) Bay, which penetrates more than r m. to the See also:south, with a depth of 4 to 9 fathoms, Dockyard Bay and See also:Artillery Bay. A small See also:river, the Chornaya, enters the See also:head of the inlet. The main See also:part of the See also:town, with an See also:elevation of 30 to 190 ft., stands on the southern shore of the See also:chief inlet, between Yuzhnaya and Artillery Bays. A few buildings on the other shore of the chief bay constitute the "See also:northern See also:side." Before the See also:Crimean See also:War of 1853–56 Sevastopol was a well-built See also:city, beautified by gardens, and had 43,000 inhabitants; but at the end of the See also:siege it had not more than fourteen buildings which had not been badly injured. After the war many privileges were granted by the See also:government in See also:order to attract See also:population and See also:trade; but both increased slowly, and at the end of seven years the population numbered only 5750. The See also:present town is well built and is becoming a favourite watering-See also:place on See also:account of its sea-bathing and numerous sanatoria. It has a zoological marine station (1897), a museum commemorative of the siege (1895), a See also:cathedral of Classical See also:design and another finished in 1888, monuments of Admirals Nakhimov (1898) and Kornilov (1895) and of See also:General See also:Todleben, and two See also:navigation See also:schools.

In 1890 Sevastopol was made a third-class fortress, and the commercial See also:

port has been transferred to See also:Theodosia. The See also:peninsula between the Bay of Sevastopol and the Black Sea was known in the 7th See also:century as the Heracleotic See also:Chersonese. In the 5th century Inc. a See also:Greek See also:colony was founded here and remained See also:independent for three centuries, when it became part of the See also:kingdom of the See also:Bosporus, and subsequently tributary to See also:Rome. Under the See also:Byzantine See also:empire Chersonesus was an administrative centre for its possessions in See also:Taurida. See also:Vladimir, See also:prince of See also:Kiev, conquered Chersonesus (Korsun) before being baptized there, and restored it to the Greeks on marrying (988) the princess See also:Anna. Subsequently the Slays were cut. off from relations with Taurida by the See also:Mongols, and only made occasional raids, such as that of the Lithuanian prince See also:Olgierd. In the 16th century a new influx of colonists, the See also:Tatars, occupied Chersonesus and founded a See also:settlement named Akhtyar. This See also:village, after the See also:Russian See also:conquest in 1783, was selected for the chief naval station of the empire in the Black Sea and received its present name (" the See also:August City "). In 1826 strong fortifications were begun. In 1854 the allied See also:English, See also:French and See also:Turkish forces laid siege to the southern portion of the town, and on the 17th of See also:October began a heavy See also:bombardment. Sevastopol sustained a memorable eleven months' siege, and on the 8th of See also:September 1855 was evacuated by the Russians. The fortifications were blown up by the See also:allies, and by the See also:Paris treaty the Russians were See also:bound not to restore them (see CRIMEAN WAR).

In See also:

November 1870, during the Franco-See also:German War, the Russian government decided again to make Sevastopol a naval See also:arsenal.

End of Article: SEVASTOPOL, or SEBASTOPOL

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