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KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 789 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF , a See also:government of See also:south-western See also:Russia, conterminous with those of See also:Minsk, See also:Poltava, See also:Chernigov, See also:Podolia, See also:Kherson and See also:Volhynia; See also:area 19,686 sq. m. It represents a deeply trenched See also:plateau, 600 to 800 ft. in See also:altitude, reaching 950 to 1050 ft. in the See also:west, assuming a steep See also:character in the See also:middle, and sloping gently northwards to the marshy regions of the Pripet, while on the See also:east it falls abruptly to the valley of the See also:Dnieper, which lies only 250 to 300 ft. above the See also:sea. See also:General A. Tillo has shown that neither geologically nor tectonically can " spurs of the Carpathians " penetrate into Kiev. Many useful minerals are extracted, such as granites, See also:gabbro, labradorites of a rare beauty, syenites and See also:gneiss, See also:marble, grinding stones, pottery See also:clay, phosphorites, See also:iron ore and See also:mineral See also:colours. Towards the See also:southern and central parts the See also:surface is covered by deep See also:rich " See also:black See also:earth." Nearly the whole of the government belongs to the See also:basin of the Dnieper, that See also:river forming See also:part of its eastern boundary. In the south-west are a few small tributaries of the See also:Bug. Besides the Dnieper the only navigable stream is its confluent the Pripet. The See also:climate is more moderate than in middle Russia, the See also:average temperatures at the See also:city of Kiev being—See also:year, 44.50; See also:January, 210; See also:July, 68°; yearly rainfall, 22 inches. The lowlands of the See also:north are covered with See also:woods; they have the See also:flora of the Polyesie, or marshy woodlands of Minsk, and are peopled with animals belonging to higher latitudes.' The See also:population, which was 2,017,262 in 1863, reached 3,575,457 in 1897, of whom 1,791,503 were See also:women, and 147,878 lived in towns; and in 1904 it reached 4,042,526, of whom 2,030,744 were women. The estimated population in 1906 was 4,206,100. In 1897 there were 2,738,977 Orthodox Greeks, 14,888 Nonconformists, 91,821 See also:Roman Catholics, 423,875 See also:Jews, and 682o Protestants.

No less than 41% of the See also:

land is in large holdings, and 45% belongs to the peasants. Out of an area of 12,600,000 acres, 11,1oo,000 acres are available for cultivation, 4,758,000 acres are under crops, 65o,000 acres under meadows, and 1,88o,000 acres under woods. About 290,000 acres are under beetroot, for See also:sugar. The crops principally grown are See also:wheat, See also:rye, oats, See also:millet, See also:barley and See also:buckwheat, with, in smaller quantities, See also:hemp, See also:flax, vegetables, See also:fruit and See also:tobacco. Camels have been used for agricultural See also:work. See also:Bee-keeping and gardening are general. The See also:chief factories are sugar See also:works and distilleries. The former produce 85o,000 to 1,150,000 tons of sugar and over 50,000 tons of See also:molasses annually. The factories include machinery works and iron foundries, tanneries, See also:steam See also:flour-See also:mills, See also:petroleum refineries and tobacco factories. Two See also:main See also:railways, starting from Kiev and See also:Cherkasy respectively, See also:cross the government from N.E. to S.W., and two lines See also:traverse its southern part from N.W. to S.E., parallel to the Dnieper. Steamers ply on the Dnieper and some of its tributaries. Wheat, rye, oats, barley and flour are exported.

There are two See also:

great fairs, at Kiev and See also:Berdichev respectively, and many of See also:minor importance. See also:Trade is very brisk, the river See also:traffic alone being valued at over one million See also:sterling annually. The government is divided into twelve districts. The chief See also:town is Kiev (q.v.) and the See also:district towns, with their populations in 1897, Berdichev (53,728), Cherkasy (29,619), Chigirin (9870), Kanev (8892), Lipovets (6o68), See also:Radomysl (11,154), Skvira (16,265), Tarashcha (11,452), Uman (28,628), See also:Vasilkov (17,824) and Zvenigorodka (16,972). The plains on the Dnieper have been inhabited since probably the See also:Palaeolithic See also:period, and the See also:burial-grounds used since the ' Schmahlhausen's Flora of South-West Russia (Kiev, 1886) contains a See also:good description of the flora of the See also:province, See also:Stone See also:Age. The burial mounds (kurgans) of both the Scythians and the Slays, traces of old forts (gorodishche), stone statues, and more See also:recent caves offer abundant material for anthropological and ethnographical study.

End of Article: KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

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