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BUCKWHEAT

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 733 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BUCKWHEAT , the See also:

fruit (so-called seeds) of Fagopyrum esculentum (natural See also:order See also:Polygonaceae), a herbaceous plant, native of central See also:Asia, but cultivated in See also:Europe and See also:North See also:America; also extensively cultivated in the See also:Himalaya, as well as an allied See also:species F. tataricum. The fruit has a dark See also:brown tough rind enclosing the See also:kernel or See also:seed, and is three-sided in See also:form, with See also:sharp angles, similar in shape to See also:beech-See also:mast, whence the name from the Ger. Buchweizen, beechwheat. Buckwheat is grown in See also:Great See also:Britain only to See also:supply See also:food for pheasants and to feed poultry, which devour the seeds with avidity. In the See also:northern countries of Europe, however, the seeds are employed as human food, chiefly in the form of cakes, which when baked thin have an agreeable See also:taste, with a darkish somewhat See also:violet See also:colour. The See also:meal of buckwheat is also baked into crumpets, as a favourite dainty among Dutch See also:children, and in the See also:Russian See also:army See also:buck-See also:wheat groats are served out as See also:part of the soldiers' rations, which they See also:cook with See also:butter, See also:tallow or See also:hemp-seed oil. Buckwheat is also used as food in the See also:United States, where " buckwheat cakes " are a See also:national dish; and by the See also:Hindus it is eaten on " See also:bart " or fast days, being one of the phalahas or lawful foods for such occasions. When it is used as food for See also:cattle the hard sharp angular rind must first be removed. As compared with the See also:principal cereal grains, buckwheat is poor in nitrogenous sub-stances and See also:fat; but the rapidity and ease with which it can be grown render it a See also:fit See also:crop for very poor, badly tilled See also:land. An immense quantity of buckwheat See also:honey is collected in See also:Russia, bees showing a marked preference for the See also:flowers of the plant. The plant is also used as a See also:green See also:fodder. In the United States buckwheat is sown at the end of See also:June or beginning of See also:July, the amount of seed varying from 3 to 5 pecks to the See also:acre.

The crop matures rapidly and continues blooming till frosts set in, so that at See also:

harvest, which is usually set to occur just before this See also:period, the See also:grain is in various stages of ripeness. It is cut by See also:hand or with the self-delivery reaper, and allowed to See also:lie in the swath for a few days and then set up in shocks. The stalks are not tied into bundles as in the See also:case of other grain crops, the tops of the shocks being See also:bound See also:round and held together by twisting stems round them. The threshing is done on the See also:field in most cases.

End of Article: BUCKWHEAT

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