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BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 661 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BROWN, See also:ROBERT (1773-1858) , See also:British botanist, was See also:born on the 21st of See also:December 1773 at See also:Montrose, and was educated at the See also:grammar school of his native See also:town, where he had as contemporaries See also:Joseph See also:Hume and See also:James See also:Mill. In 1787 he entered Marischal See also:College, See also:Aberdeen, but two years afterwards removed to See also:Edinburgh University, where his See also:taste for See also:botany attracted the See also:attention of See also:John See also:Walker (1731-1803), then See also:professor of natural See also:history in the university. In 1795 he obtained a See also:commission in the See also:Forfarshire See also:regiment of Fencible See also:Infantry as " See also:ensign and assistant surgeon," and served in the See also:north of See also:Ireland. In 1798 he made the acquaintance of See also:Sir Joseph See also:Banks, by whom in 18o1 he was offered the See also:post of naturalist to the expedition fitted out under See also:Captain See also:Matthew See also:Flinders for the survey of the then almost unknown coasts of See also:Australia. See also:Ferdinand See also:Bauer, afterwards familiarly associated with Brown in his botanical discoveries, was draughtsman; See also:William We-See also:stall was landscape painter; and among the midshipmen was one afterwards destined to rise into fame as Sir John See also:Franklin. In 18o5 the expedition returned to See also:England, having obtained, among other acquisitions, nearly 4000 See also:species of See also:plants, many of which were new. Brown was almost immediately appointed librarian of the Linnean Society. In this position, though one of no See also:great emolument, he had abundant opportunities of pursuing his studies; but it was not until 18ro that he published the first See also:volume of his great See also:work, in Latin, the Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae See also:Van See also:Diemen, which did much to further the See also:general See also:adoption of A. L. de See also:Jussieu's. natural See also:system of plant See also:classification. Its merits were immediately recognized, and it gave its author an See also:international reputation among botanists. It is rare in its See also:original edition, the author having suppressed it, hurt at the Edinburgh See also:Review having fallen foul of its Latinity. With the exception of a supplement published in 183o, no more of the work appeared.

In 1810 Brown became librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, who on his See also:

death in 182o bequeathed to him the use and enjoyment of his library and collections for See also:life. In 1827 an arrangement was made by which these were transferred to the British Museum, with Brown's consent and in accordance with Sir Joseph's will. Brown then became keeper of this new botanical. See also:department; an See also:office which he held until his death. Soon after Banks's decease he resigned the librarianship of the Linnean Society, and from 1849 to 1853 he served as its See also:president. He received many honours. Elected a See also:fellow of the Royal Society in 1811, he received its See also:Copley See also:medal in 1839, for his "discoveries on the subject of See also:vegetable impregnation," and in 1833 he was elected one of the five See also:foreign associates of the See also:Institute of See also:France: Among his other distinctions was membership of the See also:order "pour le Write "of See also:Prussia. In the Academia Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum he sat under the cognomen of See also:Ray. He died on the loth of See also:June 1858, in the See also:house in Soho Square, See also:London, bequeathed to him by Sir Joseph Banks. His See also:works, which embrace not only systematic botany, but also plant See also:anatomy and See also:physiology, are distinguished by their thoroughness and conscientious accuracy, and display See also:powers at once of See also:minute detail and of broad generalization. The continual movements observed by the See also:microscope among minute particles suspended in a liquid were noticed by him in 1827, and hence are known as "Brownian movements." In 1825—1834 his works up to that date were collected and published in four divisions by Nees von Esenbeck, in See also:German, under the See also:title of Vermischte botanische Schriften (See also:Leipzig and See also:Nuremberg). In 1866 the Ray Society reprinted, under the editorship of his friend and successor in the keepership of the Botanical Department of the British Museum, J. J.

Bennet, his See also:

complete writings, the Prodromus alone excepted. In these See also:Miscellaneous Works (2 vols., with See also:atlas of plates) the history of his discoveries can be best followed.

End of Article: BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)

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