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See also:JOSEPH, See also:FATHER (See also:FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638) , See also:French Capuchin See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk, the confidant of See also:Richelieu, was the eldest son of See also:Jean Leclerc du Tremblay, See also:president of the chamber of See also:requests of the See also:parlement of See also:Paris, and of See also:Marie Motier de See also:Lafayette. As a boy he received a careful classical training, and in 1595 made an extended See also:journey through See also:Italy, returning to take up the career of arms. He served at the See also:siege of See also:Amiens in 1597, and then accompanied a See also:special See also:embassy to See also:London. In 1599 See also:Baron de Mafflier, by which name he was known at See also:court, renounced the See also:world and entered the Capuchin monastery of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. He embraced the religious See also:life with See also:great ardour, and became a notable preacher and reformer. In 1606 he aided Antoinette d'Orleans, a See also:nun of See also:Fontevrault, to found the reformed See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Filles du Calvaire, and wrote a See also:manual of devotion for the nuns. His proselytizing zeal led him to send missionaries throughout the Huguenot centres—he, had become provincial of See also:Touraine in 1613. He entered politics at the conferences of See also:Loudun, when, as the confidant of the See also:queen and the papal See also:envoy, he opposed the Gallican claims advanced by the parlement, which the princes were upholding, and succeeded in convincing them of the schismatic tendency of See also:Gallicanism. In 1612 he began those See also:personal relations with Richelieu which have indissolubly joined in See also:history and See also:legend the See also:cardinal and the " See also:Eminence grise," relations which See also:research has not altogether made clear. In 1627 the monk assisted at the siege of La Rochelle. A purely religious See also:reason also made him Richelieu's ally against the Habsburgs. He had a See also:dream of arousing See also:Europe to another crusade against the See also:Turks, and
believed that the See also:house of See also:Austria was the obstacle to that universal See also:European See also:peace which would make this possible. As Richelieu's See also:agent, therefore, this See also:modern See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter the See also:Hermit mancxuvred at the See also:diet of See also:Regensburg (1630) to thwart the aggression of the See also:emperor, and then advised the intervention of Gustavus See also:Adolphus, reconciling himself to the use of See also:Protestant armies by the theory that one See also:poison would counteract another. Thus the monk became a See also:war See also:minister, and, though maintaining a personal austerity of life, gave himself up to See also:diplomacy and politics. He died in 1638, just as the cardinalate was to be conferred upon him. The See also:story that Richelieu visited him when on his deathbed and roused the dying See also:man by the words, " Courage, Father Joseph, we have won See also:Breisach," is apocryphal.
See See also:Fagniez, Le Pere Joseph et Richelieu (1894), a See also:work based largely on See also:original and unpublished See also:sources. Father Joseph, according to this See also:biography, would seem not to have lectured Richelieu in the See also:fashion of the legends, whatever his moral See also:influence may have been in strengthening Richelieu's hands.
End of Article: JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)
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