|
TOURAINE , an old See also:province in See also:France, which stretched along both See also:banks of the See also:Loire in the neighbourhood of See also:Tours, the See also:river dividing it into Upper and See also:Lower Touraine. It was bounded on the N. by See also:Orleanais, W. by See also:Anjou and See also:Maine, S. by See also:Poitou and E. by See also:Berry, and it corresponded approximately to the See also:modern See also:department of See also:Indre et Loire. Touraine took its name from the Turones, the tribe by which it was inhabited at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Caesar's See also:conquest of See also:Gaul. They were unwarlike, and offered practically no resistance to the invader, though they joined in the revolt of Vercingetorix in A.D. 52. The See also:capital See also:city, Caesarodunum, which was built on the site of the eastern See also:part of the See also:present city of Tours, was made by Valentinian the See also:metropolis of the 3rd Lyonnaise, which included roughly the later provinces of Touraine, See also:Brittany, Maine and Anjou. See also:Christianity seems to have been introduced into Touraine not much earlier than the beginning of the 4th See also:century, although tradition assigns St Gatien, the first See also:bishop of Tours, to the 3rd. The most famous of its apostles was St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin (ft. 375-400), who founded the See also:abbey of Marmoutier, near Tours, and whose See also:tomb in the city became a celebrated See also:shrine. Tours was besieged by the Visigoths in 428, and though it offered a successful resistance on this occasion it was included fifty years later in the territory of the Visigoths. The Tourangeans refused to adopt the Arian See also:heresy of their conquerors, and this difference in See also:religion materially assisted in 507 the conquest of the province by See also:Clovis, whose orthodoxy was guaranteed by the miraculous intervention of St Martin. St See also:Clotilda, wife of Clovis, spent the last years of her See also:life in See also:retreat at Tours. The See also:possession of Touraine was constantly the subject of dispute between the Merovingian princes, and the province enjoyed no settled See also:peace until the reign of See also:Charlemagne. He established See also:Alcuin as See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of St Martin of Tours, and under his auspices the school of Tours became one of the See also:chief seats of learning in
2 The fact of this colouring See also:matter being soluble in See also:water was incidentally mentioned at a See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the Zoological Society of See also:London by W. B. Tegetmeier, and brought to the See also:notice of See also:Professor A. H. See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, who, after experiment, published in 1868 (Student and Intellectual Observer, i. 161-168) an See also:account of it as " Turacin, a new See also:animal pigment containing See also:copper." Further See also:information on the subject was given by Monteiro (Chem. See also:News, See also:xxviii. 201; Quart. Journ. See also:Science, 2nd See also:series, vol. iv. p. 132). The See also:property is possessed by the See also:crimson feathers of all the birds of the See also:family.
the See also:middle ages. In the 9th century Tours also became the ecclesiastical metropolis of Brittany, Maine and Anjou, and when the See also:empire was divided by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the Pious into various districts or missatica, Tours was the centre of one of these, the boundaries of which corresponded roughly with those of the ecclesiastical See also:jurisdiction of the city. Touraine suffered from the invasions of the Northmen, who massacred the monks of Marmoutier in 853, but never pillaged Tours. The See also:administration of Touraine was entrusted, from Merovingian times onward, to See also:counts appointed by the See also:crown. The See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office became hereditary in 940 or 941 with Thibault the Old or the " Tricheur." His son See also:Odo I. was attacked by See also:Fulk the See also:Black, See also:count of Anjou, and despoiled of part of his territory. His See also:grandson Thibault III., who refused See also:homage to See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I., See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of France, in 1044, was entirely dispossessed by See also:Geoffrey of Anjou, called the See also:Hammer (d. 1o6o). The 7th count, Fulk (d. 1109), ruled both Anjou and Touraine, and the See also:county of Touraine remained under the domination of the counts of Anjou (q.v.) until Henry II. of See also:England deprived his See also:brother Geoffrey of Touraine by force of arms. Henry II. carried out many improvements, but peace was destroyed by the revolt of his sons. See also:Richard Coeur de See also:Lion, in See also:league with See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus, had seized Touraine, and after his See also:death See also:Arthur of Brittany was recognized as count.
In 1204 it was See also:united to the See also:French crown, and its cession was formally acknowledged by King See also:John at See also:Chinon in 1214. Philip appointed See also:Guillaume See also:des Roches hereditary See also:seneschal in 1204, but the dignity was ceded to the crown in 1312. Touraine was granted from time to time to princes of the See also:blood as an See also:appanage of the crown of France. In 1328 it was held by Jeanne of See also:Burgundy, See also:queen of France; by Philip, See also:duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, in 1344; and in 1360 it was made a See also:peerage duchy on behalf of Philip the Bold, afterwards duke of Burgundy. It was the See also:scene of dispute between See also:Charles, afterwards Charles VII., and his See also:mother, See also:Isabel of See also:Bavaria, who was helped by the Burgundians. After his See also:expulsion from See also:Paris by the See also:English Charles spent much of his time in the chateaux of Touraine, although his seat of See also:government was at See also:Bourges. He bestowed the duchy successively on his wife See also:Mary of Anjou, on See also:Archibald See also:Douglas and on Louis III. of Anjou. It was the See also:dower of Mary See also:Stuart as the widow of See also:Francis II. The last duke of Touraine was Francis, duke of Alengon, who died in 1584. Plessis-See also:les-Tours had been the favourite See also:residence of Louis XI., who granted many privileges to the See also:town of Tours, and increased its prosperity by the See also:establishment of the See also:silk-See also:weaving See also:industry. The reformed religion numbered many adherents in Touraine, who suffered in the massacres following on the See also:conspiracy of See also:Amboise; and, though in 1562 the See also:army of See also:Conde pillaged the city of Tours, the See also:marshal of St See also:Andre reconquered Touraine for the See also:Catholic party. Many See also:Huguenots emigrated after the See also:massacre of St See also:Bartholomew, and after the revocation of the See also:Edict of See also:Nantes the silk industry, which had been mainly in the hands of the Huguenots, was almost destroyed. This See also:migration was one of the See also:prime causes of the extreme poverty of the province in the next century. At the Revolution the nobles of Touraine made a See also:declaration expressing their sympathy with the ideas of See also:liberty and fraternity. Among the many famous men who were See also:born within its boundaries are See also:Jean le Meingre See also:Boucicaut, marshal of France, Beroalde de Verville, author of the Moyen de parvenir, See also:Rabelais, See also:Cardinal See also:Richelieu, C. J. Avisseau, the See also:potter (1796-1861), the novelist See also:Balzac and the poet See also:Alfred de See also:Vigny.
See the quarterly publication of the Memoires of the Societe archeologique de Touraine (1842, &c.) which include a Dictionnaire geographique, historique et biographique (6 vols., 1878-1884), by J. X. Carre de Busserolle. There are histories of Touraine and its monuments by Chalmel (4 vols. Paris, 1828), by S. Bellanger (Paris, 1845), by Bourrasse (1858). See also See also:Dupin de See also:Saint Andre, Hist. du protestantisme en Touraine (Paris, 1885) ; T. A. See also:Cook, Old Touraine (2 vols. London, 1892).
End of Article: TOURAINE
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!