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BURGUNDY . The name of Burgundy (Fr. Bourgogne, See also: Lat. Burgundia) has denoted very diverse See also:political and See also:geographical areas at different periods of See also:history and as used by different writers. The name is derived from the Burgundians (Burgundi, Burgondiones), a See also:people of Germanic origin, who at first settled between the See also:Oder and the See also:Vistula. In consequence of See also:wars against the See also:Alamanni, in which the latter had the See also:advantage, the Burgundians, after having taken See also:part in the See also:great invasion ci Radagaisus in 407, were obliged in 411 to take See also:refuge in See also:Gaul, under the leadership of their See also:chief Gundicar. Under the See also:title of See also:allies of the See also:Romans, they established themselves in certain cantons of the See also:Sequani and of upper See also:Germany, receiving a part of the lands, houses and See also:serfs that belonged to the inhabitants. Thus was founded the first See also:kingdom of Burgundy, the boundaries of which were widened at different times by Gundicar and his SOD
'Gunderic; its chief towns being See also:Vienne, See also:Lyons, See also:Besancon, See also:Geneva, See also:Autun and See also:Macon. Gundibald (d. 516), See also:grandson of Gunderic; is famous for his codification of the Burgundian See also:law, known consequently as Lex Gundobada, in See also:French Loi Gombette. His son See also:Sigismund, who was canonized by the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, founded the See also:abbey of St See also:Maurice at Agaunum. ' But, incited thereto by See also:Clotilda, the daughter of See also:Chilperic (a See also:brother of Gundibald, and assassinated by him), the Merovingian See also:kings attacked Burgundy. An See also: attempt made in 524 by Clodomer was unsuccessful; but in 534 See also:Clotaire (Chlothachar) and his See also:brothers possessed themselves of the lands of Gundimar, brother and successor of Sigismund, and divided them between them. In 56r the kingdom of Burgundy was reconstructed by See also:Guntram, son of Clotaire I., and until 613 it formed a See also:separate See also:state under the See also:government of a See also:prince of the Merovingian See also:family.
After 613 Burgundy was one of the provinces of the Frankish kingdom, but in the redistributions that followed the reign of See also:Charlemagne the various parts of the See also:ancient kingdom had different fortunes. In 843, by the treaty of See also:Verdun, Autun, Chalon, Macon, See also:Langres, &c., were apportioned to See also:Charles the Bald, and Lyons with the See also:country beyond the See also:Saone to See also:Lothair I. On the See also:death of the latter the duchy of Lyons (Lyonnais and Viennois) was given to Charles of See also:Provence, and the See also:diocese of Besancon with the country beyond the See also:Jura to . Lothair, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Lorraine. In 879 Boso founded the kingdom of Provence, wrongly called the kingdom of Cisjuran Burgundy, which extended to Lyons, and for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as far as Macon (see PROVENCE).
In 888 the kingdom of Juran Burgundy was founded by See also:Rudolph I., son of See also:Conrad, See also:count of See also:Auxerre, and the See also:German king See also:Arnulf could not succeed in expelling the usurper, whose authority was recognized in the diocese of Besancon, See also:Basel, See also:Lausanne, Geneva and See also:Sion. For a short time his son and successor Rudolph II. (912–937) disputed the See also:crown of See also:Italy with See also:Hugh of Provence, but finally abandoned his claims in See also:exchange for the ancient kingdom of Provence, i.e. the country bounded by the See also:Rhone, the See also:Alps and the Mediterranean. His successor, Conrad the Peaceful (937–993),whose See also:sister See also:Adelaide married See also:Otto the Great, was hardly more than a See also:vassal of the German kings. The last king of Burgundy, Rudolph III. (993–1032), being deprived of all but a See also: shadow of See also:power by the development of the See also:secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy—especially by that of the powerful feudal houses of the See also:counts of Burgundy (see FRANCHECoMTE), See also:Savoy and Provence—died without issue, bequeathing his lands to the See also:emperor Conrad II. Such was the origin of the imperial rights over the kingdom designated after the 13th See also:century as the kingdom of See also:Arles, which extended over a part of what is now See also:Switzerland (from the Jura to the See also:Aar), and included Franche-See also:Comte, Lyonnais, See also:Dauphine, Savoy and Provence.
The name of Burgundy now gradually became restricted to the countship of that name, which included the See also:district between the Jura and the Saone, in later times called Franche-Comte, and to the duchy which had been created by the Carolingian kings in the portion of Burgundy that had remained French, with the See also:object of resisting Boso. This duchy had been granted to Boso's brother, See also:Richard the See also:Justiciary, count of Autun. It comprised at first the countships of Autun, Macon, Chalon-sur-Saone, Langres, See also:Nevers, Auxerre and See also:Sens, but its boundaries and designations changed many times in the course of the loth century. See also:Duke See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry died in 1002; and in 1o15, after a See also:war which lasted thirteen years, the French king See also:Robert II. reunited the duchy to his kingdom, despite the opposition of Otto See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, count of Burgundy, and gave it to his son Henry, afterwards King Henry I. As king of See also:France, the latter in 1032 bestowed the duchy upon his brother Robert, from whom sprang that first ducal See also:house of Burgundy which flourished until 1361. A grandson of this Robert, who went to See also:Spain to fight the See also:Arabs, became the founder of the kingdom of See also:Portugal; but in See also:general the first See also:Capet See also:dukes of Burgundy were pacific princes who took little part in the political events of their time, or in that religious See also:movement which was so marked in Burgundy, at See also:Cluny to begin with, afterwards among the disciples of William of St Benignof See also:Dijon, and later still among the monks of Citeaux. In the 12th and 13th centuries we may mention Duke Hugh III. (1162–1193), who played an active part in the wars that marked the beginning of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus's reign; See also:Odo (Eudes) III. (1193-1218), one of Philip Augustus's See also:principal supporters in his struggle with King See also:John of See also:England; Hugh IV. (1218-1272), who acquired the countships of Chalon and See also:Auxonne; Robert II. (1272-1309), one of whose daughters, See also: Margaret, married See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis X. of France, and another, Jeanne, Philip of See also:Valois; Odo (Eudes) IV.(1315–1350), who gained the countship of See also:Artois in right of his wife, Jeanne of France, daughter of Philip V. the Tall and of Jeanne, countess of Burgundy.
In 1361, on the death of Duke Philip de Rouvres, son of Jeanne of See also:Auvergne and See also:Boulogne, who had married the second time John II. of France, surnamed the See also:Good, the duchy of Burgundy returned to the crown of France. In 1363 John gave it, with hereditary rights, to his son Philip, surnamed the Bold, thus See also:founding that second Capet house of Burgundy which filled such an important See also:place in the history of France during the 14th and 15th centuries, acquiring as it did a territorial power which proved redoubtable to the kingship itself. By his See also:marriage with Margaret of See also:Flanders Philip added to his duchy, on the death of his See also:father-in-law, Louis of Male, in 1384, the countships of Burgundy and Flanders; and in the same See also:year he See also:purchased the countship of Charolais from John, count of See also:Armagnac. On the death of Charles V. in 138o Philip and his brothers, the dukes of See also:Anjou and See also:Berry, had possessed themselves of the regency, and it was he who led Charles VI. against the rebellious Flemings, over whom the See also:young king gained the victory of Roosebeke in 1382. Momentarily deprived of power during the See also:period of the Marmousets' " government, he devoted himself to the See also:administration of his own dominions, establishing in 1386 an See also:audit-See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office (chamb,e See also:des comptes) at Dijon and another at See also:Lille. In 1396 he refused to take part personally in the expedition against the See also:Turks which ended in the disaster of See also:Nicopolis, and would only send his son John, then count of Nevers. In 1392 the king's madness caused Philip's recall to power along with the other princes of the See also:blood, and from this time See also:dates that hostility between the party of Burgundy and the party of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans which was to become so intense when in May 1404 Duke Philip,, had been succeeded by his son, John the Fearless.
In 1407 the latter caused the assassination of his political See also:rival, Louis of Orleans, the king's brother. Forced to quit See also:Paris for a time, he soon returned, supported in particular by the gild of the butchers and by the university. The See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk See also:Jean See also:Petit pronounced an See also:apology for the See also:murder (1408).
The victory of Hasbain which John achieved on the 23rd of See also:September 1408 over the Liegeois, who had attacked his brother-in-law, John of See also:Bavaria, See also:bishop of See also:Liege, still further strengthened his power and reputation, and during the following years the struggle between the Burgundians and the partisans of the duke of Orleans—or Armagnacs, as they were called—went on with varying results.
In 1413 a reaction took place in Paris; John the Fearless was once more expelled from the See also: capital, and only returned there in 1418, thanks to the See also:treason of Perrinet Leclerc, who yielded up the See also:town to him. In 1419, just when he was thinking of making advances towards the party of the dauphin (Charles VII.), he was assassinated by members of that party, during an interview between himself and the dauphin at the See also:bridge of See also:Montereau.
This event inclined the new duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, towards an See also:alliance with England. In 1420 he signed the treaty of See also:Troyes, which recognized Henry V. as the legitimate successor of Charles VI.; in 1423 he gave his sister See also:Anne in marriage to John, duke of See also:Bedford; and during the following years the Burgundian troops supported the See also:English pretender. But a dispute between him and the English concerning the See also:succession in See also:Hainaut, their refusal to permit the town of Orleans to place itself under his See also:rule, and the defeats sustained by them, all combined to embroil him with his allies, and in 1435 he concluded the treaty of See also:Arras with Charles. VIL. The king relieved the duke of all See also:homage for his estates during his lifetime,
and gave up to him the countships of Macon, Auxerre, See also:Bar-sur-See also:Seine and Ponthieu; and, reserving the right of redemption, the towns of the See also:Somme (Roye, See also:Montdidier, Peronne, &c.). Besides this Philip had acquired See also:Brabant and See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland in 1433 as the See also:inheritance of his See also:mother. He gave an See also:asylum to the dauphin Louis when exiled from Charles VII.'s See also:court, but refused to assist him against his father, and henceforth rarely intervened in French affairs. He busied himself particularly with the administration of his state, founding the university of See also:Dole, having records made of Burgundian customs, and seeking to develop the See also:commerce and See also:industries of Flanders. A friend to letters and the arts, he was the See also:protector of writers like See also:Olivier de la See also:Marche, and of sculptors of the school of Dijon. He also desired to revive ancient See also:chivalry as he conceived it, and in 1429 founded the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the See also:Golden Fleece; while during the last years of his See also:life he devoted himself to the preparation of a crusade against the Turks. Neither these plans, however, nor his liberality, prevented his leaving a well-filled See also: treasury and enlarged dominions when he died in 1467.
Philip's successor was his son by his third wife, See also:Isabel of Portugal, Charles, surnamed the Bold, count of Charolois, See also:born in 1433. To him his father had practically abandoned his authority during his last years. Charles had taken an active part in the so-called wars " for the public weal," and in the coalitions of nobles against the king which were so frequent during the first years of Louis XI.'s reign. His struggle against the king is especially marked by the interview at Peronne in 1468, when the king had to confirm the duke in his See also:possession of the towns of the Somme, and by a fruitless attempt which Charles the Bold made on See also:Beauvais in 1472. Charles sought above all to realize a See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme already planned by his father. This was to annex territory which would reunite Burgundy with the See also:northern See also:group of her possessions (Flanders, Brabant, &c.), and to obtain the emperor's recognition of the kingdom of " Belgian Gaul." In 1469 he bought the landgraviate of See also:Alsace and the countship of Ferrette from the See also:archduke Sigismund of See also:Austria, and in 1473 the aged duke See also:Arnold ceded the duchy of See also:Gelderland to him. In the same year he had an interview at See also:Trier with the emperor See also:Frederick III., when he offered to give his daughter and heiress, See also:Mary of Burgundy, in marriage to the emperor's son See also:Maximilian in exchange for the concession of the royal title. But the emperor, uneasy at the ambition of the "See also:grand-duke of the See also:West," did not pursue the negotiations.
Meanwhile the tyranny of the duke's See also:lieutenant See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter von See also:Hagenbach, who was established at Ferrette as See also:governor (grand bailli or Landvogt) of Upper Alsace, had brought about an insurrection. The Swiss supported the cause of their allies, the inhabitants of the See also:free towns of Alsace, and Duke Rene II. of Lorraine also declared war against Charles. In 1474 the Swiss invaded Franche-Comte and achieved the victory of Hericourt. In 1475 Charles succeeded in conquering Lorraine, but an expedition against the Swiss ended in the defeat of Grandson (See also: February 1476). In the same year the duke was again beaten at See also:Morat, and the Burgundian nobles had to abandon to the victors a considerable amount of See also:booty. Finally the duke of Lorraine returned to his dominions; Charles advanced against him, but on the 6th of See also:January 1477 he was defeated and killed before See also:Nancy.
By his wife, See also:Isabella of See also:Bourbon, he only See also:left a daughter, Mary, and Louis XI. claimed possession of her inheritance as See also:guardian to the young princess. He succeeded in getting himself acknowledged in the duchy and countship of Burgundy, which were occupied by French garrisons. But Mary, alarmed by this See also:annexation, and by the insurrection at See also:Ghent (secretly fomented by Louis), decided to marry the archduke Maximilian of Austria, to whom she had already been promised (See also:August 1477), and hostilities soon See also:broke out between the two princes. Mary died through a fall from her See also:horse in See also:March 1482, and in the same year the treaty of Arras confirmed Louis XI. in possession of the duchy. Franche-Comte and Artois were to See also:form the See also:dowry of the little Margaret of Burgundy, daughter of Mary and Maximilian, who was promised in marriage to the dauphin. As to thelands proceeding from the succession of Charles the Bold, which had returned to the See also:Empire (Brabant, Hainaut, See also:Limburg, See also:Namur, Gelderland, &c.), they constituted the " Circle of Burgundy " from 1512 onward.
We know that the title of duke of Burgundy was revived in 1682 for a short time by. Louis XIV. in favour of his grandson Louis, the See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil of See also:Fenelon. But from the 16th to the 18th century Burgundy constituted a military government bounded on the See also:north by See also:Champagne, on the See also:south by Lyonnais, on the See also:east by Franche-Comte, on the west by Bourbonnais and See also:Nivernais. It comprised Dijonnais, Autunois, Auxois, and the pays de la montagne or Country of the See also: Mountain (See also:Chatillon-sur-Seine), with the " counties " of Chalonnais, Maconnais, Auxerrois and Bar-sur-Seine, and, so far as administration went, the annexes of See also:Bresse, Bugey, Valromey and the country of See also:Gex. Burgundy was a pays d'etats. The estates, whose privileges the dukes at first, and later Louis X.I., had to swear to maintain, had their See also:assembly at Dijon, usually under the See also:presidency of the governor of the See also:province, the bishop of Autun as representing the See also:clergy, and the See also:mayor of Dijon representing the third See also:estate. In the judiciary point of view the greater part of Burgundy depended on the See also:parlement of Dijon; but Auxerrois and Maconnais were amenable to the parlement of Paris.
See also U. Plancher, Histoire generale et particuliere de Bourgogne (Dijon, 1739-1781, 4 vols. 8vo); Courtepee, Description generale et particuliere du duche de Bourgogne (Dijon, 1774-1785, 7 vols. 8vo); O. See also:Jahn. Geschichte der Burgundionen (See also:Halle, 1874, 2 vols. 8vo) ; E. Petit de Vausse, Histoire des dues de Bourgogne de la See also:race capetienne (Paris, 1885-1905, 9 vols. 8vo) ; B. de See also: Barante, Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois (Paris, 1833-1836, 13 vols. 8vo) ; the See also:marquis See also:Leon E. S. J. de Laborde, See also:Les Ducs de Bourgogne: Etudes sur les lettres, les arts et l'industrie See also:pendant he X Ve siecle (Paris, 1849-1851, 3 vols. 8vo). (R.
End of Article: BURGUNDY
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