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century, when it attained its greatest extent, it included, besides Armagnac, the neighbouring territories of Fezensac, Fezensaguet, Pardiac, Pays de Gaure, See also:

RIVIERE, BRITON (1840- )

Riviere Basse, Eauzan and Lomagne, and stretched from the See also:

GARONNE (Lat. Garumna)

Garonne to the See also:

ADOUR (anc. Aturrus or Adurus, from Celtic dour, water)

Adour. Armagnac is a region of hills ranging to a height of l000 ft., watered by the See also:

RIVER

river Gers and other See also:

rivers which descend fanwise from the See also:

plateau of Lannemezan. On the slope of its hills grow the grapes from which the famous Armagnac See also:

BRANDY

brandy is made. In See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

Gaul this territory formed See also:

PART

part of the See also:

DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of See also:

AUCH

Auch (civitas Ausciorum), which corresponded roughly with the later duchy of Gascony (q.v.). About the end of the 9th century Fezensac (comitatus Fedentiacus), in circumstances of which no trustworthy See also:

RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record remains, was erected into an hereditary countship. This latter was in its turn divided, the See also:

south-western portion becoming, about 960, the countship of Armagnac (pagus Armaniacus). The domain of this countship, at first very limited in extent, continued steadily to increase in See also:

SIZE

size, and about 1140 See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Gerald III. added the whole of Fezensac to his possessions. Under the See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

RULE

rule the See also:

COUNTS

counts of Armagnac were turbulent and untrustworthy vassals; and the See also:

ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the See also:

Black See also:

Prince, tending to favour the towns of See also:

AQUITAINE

Aquitaine at the expense of the nobles, drove them to the See also:

side of France. The complaint against the English prince which Count See also:

John I., in See also:

DEFIANCE

defiance of the treaty of Bretigny, himself carried to See also:

Paris, was the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal cause of the resumption of hostilities of 1369, and of the incessant defeats sustained by the English until the See also:

ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of their See also:

king See also:

Henry V. At that moment Count See also:

Bernard VII. was all-powerful at the See also:

French See also:

court; and See also:

Charles of See also:

Orleans, in See also:

order to be able to avenge his See also:

FATHER

father, See also:

Louis of Orleans, who had been assassinated in 1407 by John the Fearless, See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

BURGUNDY

Burgundy, married Bonne, Bernard's daughter. This was the origin of the See also:

POLITICAL

political party known as " the Armagnacs." With the See also:

OBJECT

object of combating the duke of Burgundy's preponderant See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, a See also:

LEAGUE

league was formed at See also:

GIEN

Gien, including the duke of Orleans and his father-in-See also:

law, the See also:

dukes of See also:

Berry, See also:

Bourbon and See also:

BRITTANY

Brittany, the count of See also:

ALENCON

Alencon and all the other discontented nobles.

Bernard VII. ravaged the environs of Paris; and the treaty of Bicetre (See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 2, 1410) only suspended hostilities for a few months, See also:

war breaking out afresh in the See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1411. Paris sided with the duke of Burgundy, and at his instigation Charles VII. collected an See also:

army to besiege the See also:

ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies in See also:

BOURGES

Bourges. The See also:

peace of Bourges, confirmed at See also:

AUXERRE

Auxerre on the 22nd of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, put an end to the war. Paris was dominated at that See also:

time by the party of the " butchers," or Cabochiens, which had been organized and armed by the count of See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Pol, See also:

BROTHER

brother-in-law of John the Fearless. But their excesses, and in particular the Cabochien See also:

ordinance of the 25th of May 1413, aroused public indignation; a reaction took See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and in the See also:

month of August the Armagnacs in their turn became masters of the See also:

government and of the king. The duke of Burgundy, besieged in See also:

ARRAS

Arras, only obtained peace (treaty of Arras, See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 4, 1414), on See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of not returning to Paris. Several months later Henry V. declared war against France; and when, in August 1415, the English landed in See also:

NORMANDY

Normandy, the Armagnacs and Burgundians See also:

UNITED

united against them, but were defeated in the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

AGINCOURT (AZINCOURT)

Agincourt (See also:

OCTOBER

October 25, 1415). John the Fearless then began negotiations with the English, while Bernard VII., appointed See also:

constable in place of the count of Saint-Pol, who had been killed at Agincourt, returned to defend Paris. However, the excesses committed by the Armagnacs incensed the populace, and John the Fearless, who was ravaging the surrounding districts, re-entered the See also:

capital on the 29th of May 1418, in consequence of the See also:

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason of Perrinet Leclerc. On the 12th of See also:

JUNE

June Bernard VII. and the members of his party were massacred. From this time onward the Armagnac party, with the dauphin, afterwards King Charles VII., at its See also:

head, was the See also:

NATIONAL

national party, while the Burgundians united with the English. This See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division in France continued until the treaty of Arras, on the 21st of September 1435.

The rivalry of the Burgundians and Armagnacs brought terrible disasters upon France, and for many years after-wards the name of " Armagnacs " was bestowed upon the bands of adventurers who were as much to be feared as the Grandes Compagnies of the preceding See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age. In 1444—45 the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

Frederick III. of See also:

Germany obtained from Charles VII. a large army of Armagnacs to enforce his claims in See also:

SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, and the war which ensued took the name of the Armagnac war (Armagnakenkrieg). In Germany the name of the foreigners, who were completely defeated in the battle of St. See also:

JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)

Jakob on the Birs, not far from See also:

Basel, was mockingly corrupted into Arme Jacken, Poor Jackets, or Arme Gecken, Poor See also:

FOOLS, FEAST OF (Lat. festum stultorum, fatuorum, follorum, Fr. fete des fous)

Fools. On the See also:

DEATH

death of Charles of Armagnac, in 1497, the countship was united to the See also:

CROWN

crown by King Charles VII., but was again bestowed on Charles, the See also:

NEPHEW

nephew of that count, by See also:

Francis I., who at the same time gave him his See also:

SISTER

sister See also:

Margaret in See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage. After the death of her See also:

HUSBAND

husband, by whom she had no See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, she married Henry of See also:

ALBRET

Albret, king of See also:

NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre; and thus the count- See also:

ARMAVIR

ARMAVIR 563 See also:

SHIP

ship of Armagnac came back to the French crown along with the other dominions of Henry IV. In 1645 Louis XIV. erected a countship of Armagnac in favour of Henry of See also:

LORRAINE

Lorraine, count of See also:

Harcourt, in whose See also:

FAMILY

family it continued till the Revolution. See also:

James of Armagnac, See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Bernard VII., was made duke of See also:

Nemours in 1462, and was succeeded in the dukedom by his second son, John, who died without issue, and his third son, Louis, in whom the See also:

house of Armagnac became See also:

EXTINCT

extinct in 1503. In 1789 Armagnac was a province forming part of the Gouvernement-See also:

general of See also:

GUIENNE

Guienne and Gascony; it was divided into two parts, High or See also:

White Armagnac, with Auch for capital, and See also:

Low or Black Armagnac. At the Revolution the whole of the See also:

ORIGINAL

original Armagnac was included in the department of See also:

GERA

Gera. For authorities see U. See also:

Chevalier, Repertoire See also:

des See also:

SOURCES

sources hist. du moyen age, s.

Armagnac (See also:

MONTBELIARD

Montbeliard, 1894). For the Armagnacs see See also:

Paul Dognon, " See also:

Les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons, le See also:

COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de See also:

FOIX

Foix et le dauphin en See also:

LANGUEDOC

Languedoc " (1416–1420) in Annales du Midi (1889) ; See also:

RAMEAU, JEAN PHILIPPE (1683-1764)

Rameau, "Guerre des Armagnacs dans le 1VIaconnais " (1418–1435) in the Rev. sec. lit. de l'See also:

Ain (1884) ; Berthold See also:

ZELLER, EDUARD (1814-1908)

Zeller, Les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons, la See also:

Commune de 1413 ; E. Wulcker, Urkunden and Schreiben betreffend den See also:

Zug der Armagnaken (See also:

FRANKFORT

Frankfort, 1873); See also:

WITTE, SERGE JULIEVICH, COUNT (1849— )

Witte, See also:

Die Armagnaken See also:

IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Elsass, 1439–1445 (See also:

STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, 188.

End of Article: ARMAGNAC

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