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FOIX , a See also:town of See also:south-western See also:France, in the See also:middle ages See also:capital of the See also:counts of Foix, and now capital of the See also:department of See also:Ariege, 51 M. S. of See also:Toulouse, on the See also:Southern railway from that See also:city to Ax. Pop. (1906) town, 4498; See also:commune, 675o. It is situated between the Ariege and the Arget at their confluence. The old See also:part of the town, with its See also:ill-paved winding streets and old houses, is dominated on the See also:west by an isolated See also:rock crowned by the three towers of the See also:castle (12th, 14th and 15th centuries), while to the south it is limited by the shady See also:Promenade de Villotte. The See also:chief See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church is that of St Volusien, a See also:Gothic See also:building of the 14th See also:century. The town is the seat of a prefecture, a See also:court of assizes and a tribunal of first instance, and has a lycee, training colleges, a chamber of See also:commerce and a See also:branch of the See also:Bank of France. See also:Flour-milling and See also:iron-working are carried on. Foix probably owes its origin to an See also:oratory founded by See also:Charlemagne. This afterwards became an See also:abbey, in which were laid the remains of St Volusien, See also:archbishop of See also:Tours in the 5th century.
The See also:county of Foix included roughly the eastern part of the See also:modern department of Ariege, a region watered chiefly by the Ariege and its affluents. During the later middle ages it consisted of an agglomeration of small holdings ruled by lords, who, though subordinate to the counts of Foix, had some See also:voice in the government•of the See also:district. Protestantism obtained an See also:early entrance into the county, and the religious struggles of the 16th and 17th centuries were carried on with much implacability therein. The estates of the county, which can be traced back to the 14th century, consisted of three orders and possessed considerable See also:power and virility. In the 17th and 18th centuries Foix formed one of the See also:thirty-three governments of France, and in 1790 it was incorporated in the department of Ariege.
Counts of Foix.—The counts of Foix were an old and distinguished See also:French See also:family which flourished from the 11th to the 15th century. They were at first feudatories of the counts of Toulouse, but chafing under this yoke they soon succeeded in throwing it off, and during the 13th and 14th centuries were among the most powerful of the French feudal nobles. Living on the See also:borders of France, having See also:constant intercourse with
See also:Navarre, and in frequent communication with See also:England, they were in a position peculiarly favourable to an assertion of See also:independence, and acted rather as the equals than as the dependents of the See also:kings of France.
The See also:title of See also:count of Foix was first assumed by See also:Roger, son of See also:Bernard. Roger, who was a younger son of Roger I., count of See also:Carcassonne (d. 1012), when he inherited the town of Foix and the adjoining lands, which had hitherto formed part of the county of Carcassonne. Dying about 1064, Roger was succeeded by his See also:brother See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter, who died six years later, and was succeeded in turn by his son, Roger II. This count took part in the crusade of 1095, and was afterwards excommunicated by See also:Pope See also:Paschal II. for seizing ecclesiastical See also:property; but subsequently he appeased the anger of the church by See also:rich donations, and when he died in 1125 he was succeeded by his son, Roger III. The See also:death of Roger III. about 1149, and of his son, Roger Bernard I., in 1188, brought the county to Roger Bernard's only son, See also:Raymond Roger, who, in 119o, accompanied the French See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus, to See also:Palestine and distinguished himself at the See also:capture of See also:Acre. He was afterwards engaged in the See also:wars of the Albigenses, and on being accused of See also:heresy his lands were given to See also:Simon IV., count of See also:Montfort. Raymond Roger, who came to terms with the church and recovered his estates before his death in 1223, was a See also:patron of the Provencal poets, and counted himself among their number. He was succeeded by his son, Roger Bernard II., called the See also:Great, who assisted Raymond VII., count of Toulouse, and the Albigenses in their resistance to the French kings, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis VIII. and Louis IX., was excommunicated on two occasions and died in 1241. His son, Roger IV., who followed, died in 1265, and was succeeded by his son, Roger Bernard III., who, more famous as a poet than as a See also:warrior, was taken prisoner both by Philip III. of France and by Peter III. of See also:Aragon. This count married See also:Marguerite, daughter and heiress of Gaston VII., See also:viscount of Bearn (d. 1290), and this See also:union led to the outbreak of a See also:long See also:feud between the houses of Foix and See also:Armagnac; a See also:quarrel which was continued by Roger Bernard's son and successor, Gaston I., who became count in 1302, inheriting both Foix and See also:Beam. Becoming embroiled with the French king, Philip IV., in consequence of the struggle with the count of Armagnac, Gaston was imprisoned in See also:Paris; but quickly regaining his freedom he accompanied King Louis X. on an expedition into See also:Flanders in 1315, and died on his return to France in the same See also:year. His eldest son, Gaston II., was the next count. Having become reconciled with the See also:house of Armagnac, Gaston took part in various wars both in France and See also:Spain, dying at See also:Seville in 1343, when he was succeeded by his son, Gaston III. (1331-1391). Gaston III., who was surnamed See also:Phoebus on See also:account of his beauty, was the most famous member of the old Foix family. Like his See also:father he assisted France in her struggle against England, being entrusted with the See also:defence of the frontiers of See also:Gascony; but when the French king, See also:John II., showed a marked preference for the count of Armagnac, Gaston See also:left his service and went to fight against the See also:heathen in See also:Prussia. Returning to France about 1357 he delivered some See also:noble ladies from the attacks of the adherents of the See also:Jacquerie at See also:Meaux, and was soon at See also:war with the count of Armagnac. During this struggle he also attacked the count of See also:Poitiers, the royal representative in See also:Languedoc, but owing to the intervention of Pope See also:Innocent VI. he made See also:peace with the count in 136o. Gaston, however, continued to fight against the count of Armagnac, who, in 1362, was defeated and compelled to pay a See also:ransom; and this war lasted until 1377, when peace was made. Early in 138o the count was appointed See also:governor of Languedoc, but when See also:Charles VI. succeeded Charles V. as king later in the same year, this See also:appointment was cancelled. Refusing, however, to heed the royal command, and supported by the communes of Languedoc, Gaston fought for about two years against John, See also:duke of See also:Berry, who had been chosen as his successor, until, worsted in the combat, he abandoned the struggle and retired to his estates, remaining neutral and See also:independent. In 1348 the count had married See also:Agnes, daughter of Philip, count of See also:Evreux (cl. 1343), by his wife Jeanne II., See also:queen of Navarre. By Agnes, whom he
divorced in 1373, he had an only son, Gaston, who is said to have been incited by his See also:uncle, Charles II., king of Navarre, to See also:poison his father, and who met his death in 1381. It is probable, as See also:Froissart says, that he was killed by his father. Left without legitimate sons, Gaston was easily persuaded to bequeath his lands to King Charles VI., who thus obtained Foix and See also:Hearn when the count died at Orthes in 1391. Gaston was very fond of See also:hunting, but was not without a See also:taste for See also:art and literature.
Several beautiful See also:manuscripts are in existence which were executed by his orders, and he himself wrote De-dulls de la See also:chasse See also:des bestes sauvaiges et des oiseaulx de See also:pro ye. Froissart, who gives a graphic description of his court and his manner of See also:life, speaks enthusiastically of Gaston, saying: " I never saw none like him of personage, nor of so See also:fair See also:form, nor so well made," and again, ` in everything he was so perfect that he cannot be praised too much."
Almost immediately after Gaston's death King Charles VI. granted the county of Foix to See also:Matthew, viscount of Castelbon, a descendant of Count Gaston I. Dying without issue in 1398, Matthew's lands were seized by Archambault, count of Grailly and See also:captal de See also:Buch, the See also:husband of his See also:sister See also:Isabella (d.1426), who became count of Foix in 1401. Archambault's eldest son, John (c. 1382—1436); who succeeded to his father's lands and titles in 1412, had married in 1402 Jeanne, daughter of Charles III., king of Navarre. Having served the king of France in See also:Guienne and the king of Aragon in See also:Sardinia, john became the royal representative in Languedoc, when the old quarrel between Foix and Armagnac See also:broke out again. During the struggle between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs, he intrigued with both parties, and consequently was distrusted by the dauphin, afterwards King Charles VII. Deserting the cause of France, he then allied himself with See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry V. of England; but when Charles VII. became king in 1422, he returned to his former See also:allegiance and became the king's representative in Languedoc and Guienne. He then assisted to suppress the marauding bands which were devastating France; fought for Aragon against See also:Castile; and aided his brother, the See also:cardinal of Foix, to crush some insurgents in Aragon. Peter, cardinal of Foix (1386—1464), was the fifth son of Archambault of Grailly, and was made archbishop of See also:Arles in 1450. He took a prominent part in the struggle between the See also:rival popes, and founded and endowed the See also:College de Foix at Toulouse. The next count was John's son, Gaston IV., who married Leonora (d. 1479), a daughter of John, king of Aragon and Navarre. In 1447 he bought the viscounty of See also:Narbonne, and having assisted King Charles VII. in Guienne, he was made a peer of France in 1458. In 1455 his father-in-See also:law designated him as his successor in Navarre, and Louis XI. of France gave him the counties of Rousillon and Cerdagne, and made him his representative in Languedoc and Guienne; but these marks of favour did not prevent him from joining a See also:league against Louis in 1471. His eldest son, Gaston, the husband of Madeleine, a daughter of Charles VII. of , France, died in 1470, and when Gaston IV. died two years later, his lands descended to his See also:grandson, See also:Francis Phoebus (d. 1483), who became king of Navarre in 1479, and was succeeded by his sister See also:Catherine (d. 1517), the wife of See also:Jean d'See also:Albret (d. 1516). Thus the house of Foix-Grailly was merged in that of Albret and subsequently in that of See also:Bourbon; and when Henry of Navarre became king of France in 1589 the lands of the counts of Foix-Grailly became part of the French royal domain. A younger son of Count Gaston IV. was John (d. 1500), who received the viscounty of Narbonne from his father and married See also:Marie, a sister of the French king Louis XII. He was on See also:good terms both with Louis XI. and Louis XII., and on the death of his See also:nephew Francis Phoebus, in 1483, he claimed the See also:kingdom of Navarre against Jean d'Albret and his wife, Catherine de Foix. The ensuing struggle lasted until 1497, when john renounced his claim. He left a son, Gaston de Foix (1489—1512), the distinguished French See also:general, and a daughter, Germaine, who became the second wife of See also:Ferdinand I., king of Spain. In 1507 Gaston exchanged his viscounty of Narbonne with King Louis XII. for the duchy of See also:Nemours, and as duke of
Nemours he took command of the French troops in See also:Italy. Having delivered See also:Bologna and taken See also:Brescia, Gaston encountered the troops of the See also:Holy League at See also:Ravenna in See also:April 1512, and after putting the enemy to See also:flight was killed during the pursuit. From the younger branch of the house of Foix-Grailly have also sprung the viscounts of See also:Lautrec and of Meilles, the counts of Benanges and Candale, and of Gurson and Fleix.
See D. J. Vaissete, Histoire generate de Languedoc, tome iv. (Paris, 1876) ; L. Flourac, Jean Ie , See also:comte de Foix, vicomte souverain de Beam (Paris, 1884); Le Pere See also:Anselme, Histoire genealogique, tome iii. (Paris, 1726–1733) ; Castillon, Histoire du comte de Foix (Toulouse, 1852) ; Madaune, Gaston Pho'bus, comae de Foix et souverain de Beam (See also:Pau, 1865) ; and Froissart's Chroniques, edited by S. Luce and G. Raynaud (Paris, 1869-1897).
End of Article: FOIX
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