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CARCASSONNE , a See also:city of See also:south-western See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Aude, 57 M. S.E. of See also:Toulouse, on the See also:Southern railway between that city and See also:Narbonne. Pop. (1906) 25,346• Carcassonne is divided by the See also:river Aude into two distinct towns, the Ville Basse and the Cite, which are connected by two See also:bridges, one See also:modern, the other dating from the 13th'See also:century. The Cite occupies the See also:summit of an abrupt and isolated See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill on the right See also:bank of the river. Its dirty and irregular streets are inhabited by a scanty See also:population of workpeople, and its See also:interest lies mainly in its See also:ancient fortifications (see FORTIFICATION AND SIEGECRAFT) which, for completeness and strength, are unique in France and probably in See also:Europe. They consist of a See also:double See also:line of ramparts, of which the See also:outer See also:measures more than 1600 yds. in circumference. These are protected at frequent intervals by towers, and can be entered only by two See also:gates, one to the See also:east, the other to the See also:west, both of which are themselves elaborately fortified (see See also:GATE). In the interior, and to the See also:north of the western gate, a citadel adjoins the fortifications. A portion of the inner line is attributed to the Visigoths of the 6th century; the See also:rest, including the See also:castle, seems to belong to the 11th or I2th century, while the outer See also:circuit has been referred mainly to the end of the 13th. The old See also:cathedral of St Nazaire See also:dates from the 11th to the 14th centuries. The See also:nave was begun in Io96 and is Romanesque in See also:style; the See also:transept and See also:choir, which contain magnificent stained See also:glass of the See also:Renaissance See also:period, are of See also:Gothic See also:architecture. Both the fortifications and the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church were restored by See also:Viollet-le-Duc between 185o and 1880. On the See also:left bank of the Aude, between it and the See also:Canal du Midi, lies the new See also:town, clean, well-built and flourishing, with streets intersecting each other at right angles. It is surrounded by boulevards occupying the site of its ramparts, and is well provided with fountains, public squares and gardens planted with See also:fine See also:plane-trees. The most interesting buildings are the cathedral of St See also:Michel, dating from the 13th century but restored in modern times, and St See also:Vincent, a church of the 14th century, remarkable for the width of its nave.
Carcassonne is the seat of a See also:bishop, a See also:prefect and a See also:court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce, a chamber of commerce and a See also:branch of the Bank of France. It also has a lycee for boys, training-colleges, theological seminaries, a library and a museum See also:rich in paintings. The old See also:cloth See also:industry is almost See also:extinct. The town is, however, an important See also:wine-See also:market, and the vineyards of the vicinity are the See also:chief source of its prosperity, which is enhanced by its See also:port on the Canal du Midi. Tanning and See also:leather-dressing, distilling, the manufacture of agricultural implements, See also:furniture and corks, See also:cooperage and the preparation of preserved fruits, are prominent See also:industries.
Carcassonne occupies the site of Carcaso, an ancient city of Gallia Narbonensis, which belonged to the See also:Volcae Tectosages. It was a See also:place of some importance at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Caesar's invasion, but makes almost no See also:appearance in See also:Roman See also:history. On the disintegration of the See also:empire, it See also:fell into the hands of the Visigoths, who, in spite of the attacks of the See also:Franks, especially in 585, retained See also:possession till 724, when they were expelled by the See also:Arabs, destined in turn to yield before See also:long to See also:Pippin the See also:Short. From about 819 to 1082 Carcassonne formed a See also:separate countship, and from the latter date till 1247 a See also:viscount-See also:ship. Towards the end of the ixth century the viscounts of
Carcassonne assumed the style of viscounts of See also:Beziers, which town and its lords they had dominated since the fall of the Carolingian empire. The viscounty of Carcassonne, together with that of Beziers, was confiscated to the See also:crown in 1247, as a result of the See also:part played by the viscount See also:Raymond See also:Roger against See also:Simon de See also:Montfort in the Albigensian crusade, during which in 1209 the city was taken by the Crusaders (see ALBIGENSES). A revolt of the city against the royal authority was severely punished in 1262 by the See also:expulsion of its See also:principal inhabitants, who were, however, permitted to take up their quarters on the other See also:side of the river. This was the origin of the new town, which was fortified in 1347. During the religious See also:wars, Carcassonne several times changed hands, and it did not recognize See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. till 1596.
See E. E. Viollet-le-Duc, La Cite de Carcassonne (See also:Paris, 1858) ; L. Fedie, Histoire de Carcassonne (Carcassonne, 1887).
End of Article: CARCASSONNE
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