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PLANE

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 714 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PLANE . 1. In See also:

botany, the See also:common name of a handsome See also:tree known botanically as Platanus orientalis, a native of See also:Greece and western See also:Asia, a favourite shade-tree of the See also:ancient Greeks and See also:Romans, and introduced by the latter to See also:south-See also:west See also:Europe. It Plane (Platanus orientalis). 1, See also:Leaf, nat. See also:size. 2 and 3, See also:Base of leaf-stalk showing bud-protecting cap, about i nat. size. 4, Male, 5, See also:Female inflorescence. 6, See also:Head of fruits, about i nat. size. 7, A See also:fruit with enclosed See also:seed, cut lengthwise. is one of the most successful trees in See also:London and other large towns; the smooth See also:face of the leaf is easily washed by See also:rain; and the periodical peeling of the bark also serves to get rid of impurities. It is a large tree with widely spreading branches and alternate, palmately five-lobed leaves, resembling those of the sycamore in shape, but quite hairless and of a brighter See also:green. The bud in the leaf axil is protected during its development by the hollow base of the leaf-stalk, which lifts off like an extinguisher when the leaf falls in autumn.

The See also:

minute, unisexual See also:flowers are See also:borne in dense pendulous heads, which contain either male or female flowers; the small one-seeded fruits are densely crowded in a See also:ball, from which they gradually See also:separate in drying, and are readily carried by the See also:wind. The See also:wood, which is hard and heavy, though not strong, is used in See also:Persia and other countries of western Asia for See also:house construction and See also:furniture. A variety of forms are known in cultivation, the commonest being the See also:maple-leaved (acerifolia), the London plane, which has usually three-lobed leaves; See also:var. laciniata has very deeply much divided leaves, and var. variegata, variegated foliage. Platanus occidentalis, an allied See also:species, is a native of the See also:United States, being most abundant and growing to its largest size in the bottom lands of the basins of the See also:lower See also:Ohio and the See also:Mississippi See also:rivers. It was introduced into See also:England See also:early in the 17th See also:century, and is occasionally met with in western and central Europe. See also:Professor C. S. See also:Sargent (See also:Silva of See also:North See also:America) refers to it as the most massive if not the tallest, See also:deciduous-leaved tree of the North See also:American See also:forest; it is known in America as sycamore and buttonwood. It differs from P. orientalis in its less deeply lobed, more leathery pubescent leaves and in the usually solitary balls of fruit. 2. The name of a See also:carpenter's See also:hand-See also:tool, used for levelling and smoothing (See also:Lat. planus, level) the See also:surface of wood. The See also:machine tool used for a similar purpose for metals is generally known as a planing-machine or planer.

End of Article: PLANE

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PLANCK, KARL CHRISTIAN (1819-188o)
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PLANET (Gr. ssXavirrns, a wanderer)