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MICHEL

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 362 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MICHEL , CL$MENCE See also:

LOUISE (1830-1905), See also:French anarchist, called la See also:Vierge See also:rouge de Montmartre, was See also:born at the See also:chateau of Vroncourt (Haute-See also:Marne) on the 29th of May 1830, the daughter of a serving-maid, Marianne Michel, and the son of the See also:house, See also:Etienne See also:Charles Demahis. She was brought up by her See also:father's parents, and received a liberal See also:education. After her grandfather's See also:death in 185o she was trained to See also:teach, but her refusal to acknowledge See also:Napoleon III. prevented her from serving in a See also:state school. She found her way in 1866 to a school in the Montmartre See also:quarter of See also:Paris, where she threw herself ardently into See also:works of charity and revolutionary politics. She became violently See also:anti-Bonapartist, and is said to have meditated the assassination of Napoleon. During the See also:siege of Paris she joined the See also:ambulance service, and untiringly preached resistance to the Prussians. On the See also:establishment of the See also:Commune she joined the See also:National Guard. She offered to shoot See also:Thiers, and suggested the destruction of Paris by way of vengeance for its surrender. She was with the Communards who made their last stand in the See also:cemetery of Montmartre, and was closely allied with See also:Theodore See also:Ferri', who was executed in See also:November 1871. This ardent See also:attachment was perhaps one of the See also:sources of the exaltation which marked her career, and gave many handles to her enemies. When she was brought before the 6th See also:council of See also:war in See also:December 1871 she defied her See also:judges and defended the Commune. She was sent as a convict to New See also:Caledonia, among her companions being See also:Henri See also:Rochefort, who remained her friend till the See also:day of her death.

The See also:

amnesty of 188o found her revolutionary ardour unchanged. She travelled throughout See also:France, See also:preaching revolution, and in 1883 she led a Paris See also:mob which pillaged a See also:baker's See also:shop. For this she was condemned to six years' imprisonment, but was released in 1886, at the sametime as See also:Prince See also:Kropotkin and other prominent anarchists. After a See also:short See also:period of freedom she was again arrested for making inflammatory speeches. She was soon liberated, but, See also:hearing that her enemies hoped to intern her in a lunatic See also:asylum, she fled to See also:England. She returned to France in 1895, and in 1902 was back in See also:London. She was touring France and lecturing on behalf of anarchist propaganda when she died at See also:Marseilles on the loth of See also:January 1905. Her Memoires (Paris, 1886) contain accounts of her trials. See also La Bonne Louise (Paris, 1906), by E. Girault.

End of Article: MICHEL

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