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ROCHEFORT, HENRI, MARQUIS DE
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See also:ROCHEFORT, See also:HENRI, See also:MARQUIS DE ROCHEFORT-LUCAY (183o- ), See also:French politician, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 3oth of See also:January 1830. His See also:father was a Legitimist See also:noble who as "Edmond Rochefort " was well known as a writer of vaudevilles; his See also:mother's views were republican. After experience as a medical student, a clerk at the Hotel de Ville, a playwright and a journalist, he joined the See also:staff of the See also:Figaro in 1863; but a See also:series of his articles, afterwards published as See also:Les See also:Francais de la Decadence (3 vols., 1866-68), brought the See also:paper into collision with the authorities and caused the termination of his engagement. In collaboration with different dramatists he had meanwhile written a See also:long series of successful vaudevilles, which began with the See also:Monsieur bien mis at the Folies Dramatiques in 1856. On leaving the Figaro Rochefort determined to start a paper of his own, La Lanterne. The paper was seized on its See also:eleventh See also:appearance, and in See also:August 1868 Rochefort was fined 10,000 francs, with a See also:year's imprisonment. He then published his paper in See also:Brussels, whence it was smuggled into See also:France. Printed in French, See also:English, See also:Spanish, See also:Italian and See also:German, it went the See also:round of See also:Europe. After a second See also:prosecution he fled to See also:Belgium. A series of duels, of which the most famous was one fought with See also:Paul de See also:Cassagnac a propos of an See also:article on See also:Joan of Arc, kept Rochefort in the public See also:eye. In 1869, after two unsuccessful candidatures, he was returned to the Chamber of Deputies by the first circonscription of Paris. He was arrested on the frontier, only to be almost immediately released, and forthwith took his seat. He renewed his onslaught on the See also:empire, starting a new paper, the Marseillaise, as the See also:organ of See also:political meetings arranged by himself at La See also:Villette. The staff was appointed on the votes of the members, and included See also:Victor Noir and See also:Pascal Grousset. The violent articles in this paper led to the See also:duel which resulted in Victor Noir's See also:death at the hands of See also:Prince See also:Pierre See also:Bonaparte. The paper was seized, and Rochefort and Grousset were sent to See also:prison for six months. The revolution of See also:September was the See also:signal for his See also:release. He became a member of the See also:government of See also:National See also:Defence, but this See also:short association with the forces of See also:law and See also:order was soon broken on See also:account of his openly expressed sympathy with the Communards. On the rth of May 1871 he fled in disguise from Paris. A See also:week earlier he had resigned with a handful of other deputies from the National See also:Assembly rather than countenance the dismemberment of France. Arrested at See also:Meaux by the See also:Versailles government, he was detained for some See also:time in prison with a See also:nervous illness before he was condemned under military law to imprisonment for See also:life. In spite of Victor See also:Hugo's efforts on his behalf he was transported to New See also:Caledonia. In 1874 he escaped on See also:board an See also:American See also:vessel to See also:San Francisco. He lived in See also:London and See also:Geneva until the See also:general See also:amnesty permitted his return to France in 1880. In Geneva he resumed the publication of La Lanterne, and in the Parisian papers articles constantly appeared from his See also:pen. When at length in 188o the general amnesty permitted his return to Paris he founded L'Intransigeant in the See also:Radical and Socialist See also:interest. For a short time in 1885–86 he sat in the Chamber of Deputies, but found a See also:great opportunity next year for his See also:talent for inflaming public See also:opinion in the Boulangist agitation. He was condemned to detention in a fortress in August 1889 at the same time as General See also:Boulanger, whom he had followed into See also:exile. He continued his polemic from London, and after the See also:suicide of General Boulanger he attacked M. See also:Constans, See also:minister of the interior in the See also:Freycinet See also:cabinet, with the utmost violence, in a series of articles which led to an See also:interpellation in the chamber in circumstances of See also:wild excitement and disorder. The See also:Panama scandals furnished him with another occasion, and he created something of a sensation by a statement in the Figaro that he had met M. See also:Clemenceau at the table of the financier See also:Cornelius Herz. In 1895 he returned to Paris, two years before the See also:Dreyfus affair supplied him with another point d'appui. He became a See also:leader of the See also:anti-Dreyfusards, and had a See also:principal See also:share in the organization of the See also:press See also:campaign. Subsequently he was editor of La Patrie. Besides his plays and articles in the See also:journals he published several See also:separate See also:works, among them being: Les Petits Mysteres de l'Hotel See also:des Voiles (1862), a collection of his See also:art criticisms; Les Depraves (Geneva, 1882); Les Naufrageurs (1876); L'Evade (1883), See also:Napoleon dernier (3 vols., 1884) ; and Les Aventures de ma See also:vie (5 vols., 1896). 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