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JOAN

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 420 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOAN , a mythical See also:

female See also:pope, who is usually placed between See also:Leo IV. (847–855) and See also:Benedict III. (855–858). One See also:account has it that she was See also:born in See also:England, another in See also:Germany of See also:English parents. After an See also:education at See also:Cologne, she See also:fell in love with a See also:Benedictine See also:monk and fled with him to See also:Athens disguised as a See also:man. On his See also:death she went to See also:Rome under the See also:alias of Joannes Anglicus (See also:John of England), and entered the priesthood, eventually receiving a See also:cardinal's See also:hat. She was elected pope under the See also:title of John VIII., and died in See also:child-See also:birth during a papal procession. A See also:French Dominican, Steven of See also:Bourbon (d. c. 1261) gives the See also:legend in his Seven Gifts of the See also:Holy Spirit. He is believed to have derived it from an earlier writer. More than a See also:hundred authors between the 13th and 17th centuries gave circulation to the myth. Its See also:explosion was first seriously undertaken by See also:David Blonde], a French Calvinist, in his lclaircissement de la question si une femme a ete See also:assise au See also:siege papal de Rome (1647); and De See also:Joanna Papissa (1657).

The refutation was completed by Johann See also:

Dollinger in his Papstfabeln See also:des Mittelalters (1863; Eng. trans. 1872).

End of Article: JOAN

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