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DOLLINGER, JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON (1...

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 390 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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DOLLINGER, JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON (1799-1890)

DOLLINGER, JOHANN See also:
JOSEPH
JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)
JOSEPH IGNAZ VON (1799-1890) , See also:

German theologian and See also:

church historian, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

BAMBERG

Bamberg, See also:

BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, on the 28th of See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1799. He came of an intellectual stock, his grandfather and See also:

FATHER

father having both been physicians of See also:

EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence and professors of one or other of the branches of medical See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science; his See also:

MOTHER

mother too belonged to a See also:

FAMILY

family not undistinguished in intellectual See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power. See also:

Young Doilinger was first educated in the gymnasium at See also:

WURZBURG

Wurzburg, and then began to study natural See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at the university in that See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, where his father now held a professorship. In 1817 he began the study of See also:

MENTAL

mental philosophy and See also:

PHILOLOGY

philology, and in 1818 turned to the study of See also:

THEOLOGY

theology, which he believed to See also:

lie beneath every other science. He particularly devoted himself to an See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent study of ecclesiastical See also:

HISTORY

history, a subject very indifferently taught in See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

Germany at that See also:

time. In 182o he became acquainted with See also:

Victor Aline See also:

Huber (1800-1869), a fact which largely influenced his See also:

LIFE

life. On the 5th of See also:

APRIL

April 1822 he was ordained See also:

PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, after studying at Bamberg, and in 1823 he became See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of ecclesiastical history and See also:

CANON

canon See also:

law in the See also:

LYCEUM

lyceum at See also:

ASCHAFFENBURG

Aschaffenburg. He then took his See also:

DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor's degree, and in 1826 became professor of theology at See also:

MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, where he spent the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life. About this time Doilinger brought upon himself the animadversion of See also:

HEINE, HEINRICH, (1797-1856)

Heine, who was then editor of a Munich See also:

paper. The unsparing satirist described the professor's See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face as the " gloomiest " in the whole procession of ecclesiastics which took See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place on See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday. It has been stated that in his earlier years Doilinger was a pronounced Ultramontane. This does not appear to have been altogether the See also:

case; for, very See also:

early in his professorial career at Munich, the See also:

JESUITS

Jesuits attacked his teaching of ecclesiastical history, and the celebrated J.

A. See also:

MOHLER, JOHANN ADAM (1796—1838)

Mohler (q.v.) who afterwards became his friend, on being appealed to, pronounced on the whole in his favour. He also entered into relations with the well-known See also:

French Liberal Catholic See also:

LAMENNAIS, HUGUES

Lamennais, whose views on the reconciliation of the Roman Catholic Church with the principles of See also:

MODERN

modern society had aroused much suspicion in Ultramontane circles. In 1832 Lamennais, with his See also:

friends See also:

LACORDAIRE, JEAN BAPTISTE HENRI (1802-1861)

Lacordaire and See also:

Montalembert, visited Germany, and obtained considerable sympathy in their attempts to bring about a modification of the Roman Catholic attitude to modern problems. Doilinger seems to have regarded favourably the removal, by the Bavarian See also:

government, in 1841, of Professor Kaiser from his See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair, because he had taught the See also:

INFALLIBILITY (Fr. infaillibilite and infallibilite, the latter now obsolete, Med. Lat. infallibilitas, infallibilis, formed from faller, to make a mistake)

infallibility of the See also:

pope. On the other See also:

hand, he published atreatise in 1838 against mixed marriages, and in 1843 wrote: strongly in favour of requiring See also:

PROTESTANT

Protestant soldiers to kneel at the See also:

CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration of the See also:

HOST

Host when compelled officially to be See also:

PRESENT

present at See also:

Mass. Moreover, in his See also:

WORKS

works on The See also:

Reformation (3 vols. See also:

REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg, 1846–1848) and on See also:

LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther (1851, Eng, tr., 1853) he is very severe on the Protestant leaders, and he also accepts, in his earlier works, the Ultramontane view then current on the See also:

PRACTICAL

practical See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the Church of See also:

England, a view which in later days he found See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change, Meanwhile he had visited England, where he was well received; and he afterwards travelled in See also:

Holland, See also:

Belgium and See also:

France, acquainting himself with the condition and prospects of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1842 he entered into See also:

correspondence with the leaders of the Tractarian See also:

MOVEMENT

movement in England, and some interesting letters have been preserved which were exchanged between him and See also:

PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE (1800-1882)

Pusey, See also:

Gladstone and See also:

Hope See also:

Scott. When the last-named joined the Church of See also:

Rome he was warmly congratulated by Doilinger on the step he had taken. He, however, much regretted the See also:

GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual and very natural trend of his new See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies towards extreme Ultramontane views, of which See also:

ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

Archdeacon, afterwards See also:

CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal, See also:

MANNING, HENRY EDWARD (1808-1892)

Manning ultimately became an enthusiastic See also:

ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate. In 1845 Doilinger was made representative of his university in the second chamber of the Bavarian legislature.

In 1847, in consequence of the fall from power of the See also:

Abel See also:

MINISTRY

ministry in Bavaria, with which he had been in See also:

close relations, he was removed from his professorship at Munich, but in 1849 he was invited to occupy the chair of ecclesiastical history. In 1848, when nearly every See also:

THRONE

throne in See also:

EUROPE

Europe was shaken by the spread of revolutionary sentiments, he was elected delegate to the See also:

NATIONAL

national German See also:

ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly at See also:

FRANKFORT

Frankfort,—a sufficient See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof that at this time he was regarded as no See also:

mere narrow and technical theologian, but as a See also:

man of wide and independent views. It has been said that his change of relations to the Papacy dated from the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian See also:

war in 1859, but no sufficient reason has been given for this statement. It is more probable that, like See also:

GROSSETESTE, ROBERT (c. 1175—1253)

Grosseteste, he had imbibed in early youth an enthusiastic sentiment of See also:

ATTACHMENT

attachment to the Papacy as the only centre of authority, and the only See also:

GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee for public See also:

order in the Church, but that his experience of the actual working of the papal See also:

SYSTEM

system (and especially a visit to Rome in 1857) had to a certain extent convinced him how little correspondence there was between his ideal and the reality. He may also have been unfavourably impressed with the promulgation by See also:

PIUS

Pius IX. in 1854 of the See also:

DOGMA (Gr. Sbypa, from b6aeiv, to seem; literally " that which seems, sc. good or true or useful " to any one)

dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin. But what-ever may have been his reasons, he ultimately became the See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of those who were energetically opposed to any addition to, or more stringent See also:

DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition of, the See also:

POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers which the Papacy had possessed for centuries. In some speeches delivered at Munich in 1861 he outspokenly declared his view that the See also:

MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the Roman Catholic Church did not depend on the temporal See also:

SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of the pope. His See also:

hook on The Church and the Churches (Munich, 1861) dealt to a certain extent with the same question. In 1863 he invited too theologians to meet at See also:

MALINES (Flemish, Mechelen, called in the middle ages by the Latin name Mechlinia, whence the spelling Mechlin)

Malines and discuss the question which Lamennais and Lacordaire had prematurely raised in France, namely, the attitude that should be assumed by the Roman Catholic Church towards modern ideas. His address to the assembled divines was " practically a See also:

DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of war against the Ultramontane party." He had spoken boldly in favour of freedom for the Church in the Frankfort national assembly in 1848, but he had found the authorities of his Church claiming a freedom of a very different See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind from that for which he had contended. The freedom he claimed for the Church was freedom to See also:

MANAGE

manage her affairs' without the interference of the See also:

state; the champions of the papal See also:

MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and notably the Jesuits, desired freedom in order to put a stop to the dissemination of modern ideas. The addresses delivered in the Catholic See also:

CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress at Malines were a declaration in the direction of a Liberal See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the problem of the relations of Church and State.

The pope for a moment seemed to hesitate, but there could be little doubt what course he would ultimately pursue, and after four days' debate the assembly was closed at his command. On the 8th of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1864 Pius' IX. issued were rated. In 1787 the See also:

DOLLAR

dollar was introduced as the unit in the See also:

UNITED

United States, and it has remained as the See also:

standard of value either in See also:

SILVER

silver or See also:

gold in that See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country. For the history of the various changes in the weights and value of the See also:

coin see See also:

NUMISMATICS. The See also:

SPANISH

Spanish piece-of-eight was also the ancestor of the Mexican dollar, the See also:

NEWFOUNDLAND

Newfoundland dollar, the See also:

BRITISH

British dollar circulating in Hong See also:

KONG

Kong and the Straits Settlements, and the dollar of the See also:

South See also:

AMERICAN

American republics, although many of them are now dollars only in name.

End of Article: DOLLINGER, JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON (1799-1890)

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